Plants Microbiology

  1. Acari and other arthropodos or insects from garlics: Aceria tulipae, Acrolepiopsis assectella, Agrotis segetum, Brachycerus spp., Brachicerus muricarus, Delia antiqua, Dyspessa ulula, Frankliniella occidentalis, Naupactus leucoloma, Rhizoglyphus ech
  2. Acetic bacteria: Isolation in qualitative and/or quantitative culture.
  3. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (previously Thiobacillus ferrooxidans): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Isolation in qualitative or quantitative culture (without species confirmation); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  4. Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  5. Acidovorax spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  6. Acremonium diospyri (syn. Nalanthamala diospyri): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  7. Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  8. Agrobacterium tumefaciens (syn. Rhizobium radiobacter): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  9. Agrobacterium vitis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  10. Algae in water and other samples (surfaces, etc.,): Isolation in culture; Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  11. Alicyclobacillus spp. and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (IFU No. 12: 2019 Method): Qualitative culture; Quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  12. Alternaria spp. (Alternaria alternata and other species): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  13. Alternaria tenuissima: Diagnosis by culture and confirmation with species molecular identification (sequencing).
  14. Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  15. Anthracnose - Fungal disease of various genera and specific species of host plant: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis; Species identification (sequencing).
  16. Aphelenchoides bicaudatus (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae): Isolation from samples; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  17. Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot virus (ACLSV) (+ssRNA, Betaflexiviridae, Trichovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  18. Apple Mosaic virus (ApMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  19. Arabis Mosaic Virus (ArMv) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  20. Aristolochia spp. (plant): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  21. Arthrinium marii - Olive Tree Dieback (Fungi, Ascomycota, Apiosporaceae, Arthrinium): Culture; Microscopic identification; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  22. Aspergillus spp.: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  23. Aster Yellows Witches Broom Phytoplasma: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  24. Avocado Sunblotch viroid (ASBVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  25. Azospirillum spp. - Plant Biostimulant (UNE-CEN/TS 17713: 2022 standard): Qualitative and/or Quantitative culture.
  26. Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp. - Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  27. Azotobacter spp. - Plant Biostimulant: Testing according to UNE-CEN/TS 17709: 2022 standard.
  28. Bacillus (Geobacillus) stearothermophilus: Qualitative culture; Quantitative culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  29. Bacillus licheniformis: Qualitative culture; Quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  30. Bacillus megaterium: See Priestia megaterium.
  31. Bacillus pumilus group (B. pumilus, B. safensis, B. altitudinis): Isolation in culture (qualitative and/or quantitative); Molecular identification (sequencing); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  32. Bacillus sporothermodurans (Heyndrickxia sporothermodurans): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  33. Bacillus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus (Paenibacillus) polymyxa: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  34. Bacillus thuringiensis - Interest as agent for biocontrol of pests with possible human repercussions: Quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  35. Bacillus velezensis: Isolation in qualitative or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  36. Barley Mild Mosaic virus (BaMMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  37. Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV) (+ssRNA; Virgaviridae, Hordeivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  38. Barley Yellow Dwarf virus (BYDV) (+ssRNA; Luteoviridaae, Luteovirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  39. Barley Yellow Mosaic virus (BaYMV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae; Bymovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  40. Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis virus (BCMNV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  41. Bean Common Mosaic virus (BCMV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  42. Bean Yellow Mosaic virus (BYMV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  43. Beauveria bassiana (Entomopathogenic fungus): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  44. Beer altered by microorganisms - Microorganism/s involved: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  45. Beer spoilage by Lactobacillus brevis and/or Lactobacillus lindneri - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing); Quantitative culture.
  46. Beet Mosaic virus (BtMV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  47. Beet Pseudo-Yellows virus (BPYV) (+ssRNA, RNA1 y RNA2, Martellivirales, Closteroviridae, Crinivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  48. Beet Western Yellows virus (BWYV) (+ssRNA, Solemoviridae, Polerovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  49. Beggiatoa spp.,: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  50. Blueberry Leaf Mottle virus (BLMoV) (+ssRNA; Secoviridae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  51. Botryosphaeria spp. and Botryospharia dothidea: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  52. Botrytis spp. (Botrytis cinerea and other species): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  53. Bradyrhizobium spp.: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  54. Bremia lactucae (fungi) (Lettuce mildium): Diagnosis by culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  55. Brettanomyces spp. / Dekkera spp. (yeasts in wines): Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  56. Broad Bean Wilt virus 1 and 2 (BBWV-1; BBWV-2) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Comovirinae, Fabavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  57. Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Nematoda) from palms causes of the "red ring": Separation of parenchymal cells from the stem; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  58. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (nematoda): Isolation from samples; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  59. Byturus tomentosus and Byturus unicolor (Coleoptera): Isolation and microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  60. Cactus Carlavirus 2 (CCV2) (+ssRNA; Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  61. Cactus virus X (CVX) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  62. Cadophora spp. - Plant pathogens, colonizers of trunks and roots, and saprophytes of the wood: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  63. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Candidatus Liberibacter africanus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  64. Candidatus Phytoplasma: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  65. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) (Caulimoviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  66. Ceratocystis fimbriata f. sp. platani (fungi): Diagnosis by culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  67. Ceratocystis fimbriata: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  68. Cereals (barley, oat, rye, spelt, wheat, ...) (presence in feed or other foods): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  69. Ceuthospora phyllosticta: Culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  70. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Strawberry aphid): Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular Species identification (sequencing).
  71. Cherry Leaf Roll virus (CLRV) (Secoviridae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  72. Chondrostereum purpureum (syn. Stereum purpureum) (Basidiomycete): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  73. Cirsium arvense: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  74. Citrus Black Spot (Phyllostica citricarpa): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  75. Citrus cachexia - Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd) = Citrus Viroid II (with variants CVd-IIb = Citrus Cachexia viroid -CCaVd- y CVd-IIc; Citrus Dwarfing Viroid (CDVd) = CVd-III, with variants a-, -b, -c, -d: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  76. Citrus Dwarfing Viroid (CDVd): see Citrus cachexia.
  77. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  78. Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV) (-ssRNA; Aspiviridae, Ophiovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  79. Citrus scab (Elsinoe fawcettii): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  80. Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) (Closteroviridae, Closterovirus, (+)ssRNA): Molecular detection by RT-PCR.
  81. Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  82. Citrus Variegation virus (CVV) (+ssRNA; Bromoviridae, Genus Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  83. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis - Etiological agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  84. Clostridium pasteurianum: Isolation in qualitative or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  85. Colletotrichum horii: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  86. Colletotrichum spp. (C. fragariae, C. acutatum, C. gloeosporoides, etc.): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  87. Columnea latent viroid (CLVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  88. Colza (canola, Brassica napus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  89. Comstockaspis perniciosa (Insect - San José scale) (syn. Diaspidiotus perniciosus): Concentration; Microscopic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  90. Coniella diplodiella (syn. Pilidiella diplodiella, Coniothyrium diplodiella) - anthracnose of grapevine, white rot of grapevine: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  91. Cordyline virus, types 1, 2, 3 y 4 (CV-1; CV-2; CV-3; CV-4) (+ssRNA, Closteroviridae, Velarivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  92. Corticium koleroga (syn. Ceratobasidium stevensii): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  93. Cotinis nitida (Coleoptera): Isolation and microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  94. Cowpea Mild Mottle virus (CPMMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  95. Cronobacter sakazakii (f. sp. Enterobacter sakazakii): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  96. Cryphonectria parasitica (syn. Endothia parasitica) (Chesnut canker) (Cryphonectriaceae, Cryphonectria): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  97. Cryptosporella viticola - See Diaporthe ampelina.
  98. Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic virus (CGMMV) (+ss RNA; Family Virgaviridae; Genus Tobamovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  99. Cucumber Leaf Spot virus (CLSV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  100. Cucumber Mosaic virus (CMV) (+ssRNA; -RNA1, RNA2, RNA3- Bromoviridae, Cucumovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  101. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Ipomovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  102. Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows virus (CABYV) (+ssRNA, Sobelivirales, Solemoviridae, Polerovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  103. Curvularia spp.; Curvularia cympogonis<7I>; ....: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  104. Cuscuta spp. (parasitic plant): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  105. Cyclospora cayetanensis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular detection in fruits and vegetables (PCR).
  106. Cyclospora spp. (Cyclospora cayetanensis) (Parasite, protozoa, Apicomplexa): Staining and microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  107. Cylindrocarpon spp. (syn. Ilyonectria spp.) (Root rot disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  108. Dactylonectria torrensis: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  109. Dahlia Mosaic virus (DMV): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  110. Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Grapevine Phylloxera) (insect): Separation; Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  111. Dasheen Mosaic virus (DsMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  112. Datura stramoniun (stramonium).
  113. Diaporthe ampelina (syn. Phomopsis viticola, Cryptosporella viticola) (Dead arm): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  114. Diaporthe hispaniae: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  115. Dickeya spp.: see Erwinia spp., Pectobacterium spp.
  116. Diplodia seriata: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  117. Ditylenchus destructor: Microscopic exam: Molecular identification (sequencing).
  118. Ditylenchus dipsaci: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  119. Dorylaimida spp.: Isolation from soil samples; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  120. Eikelboom 021N (Thiothrix eikelboomii, Thiolinea disciformis, Thiofilum flexile): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  121. Endothia parasitica: see: Cryphonectria parasitica (syn. Endothia parasitica) (chesnut canker).
  122. Enterobacter sakazakii (presently Cronobacter sakazakii): see Cronobacter sakazakii.
  123. Epitrix similaris (beetle): Microscopic examination of potato leaves or tubers; Molecular identification if observed (sequencing).
  124. Erwinia amylovora: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  125. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora: See Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  126. Erwinia chrysanthemipv.(syn.Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv). Dickeya chrysantemi, D.dianthicola, D.dadantii, D.zeae, D.chrysanthemi, D.dieffenbachiae, D.paradisiaca, D.solani–Culture;Molecular diagnosis(PCR,sequencing).
  127. Eryophid tomato mites: microscopic detection and molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  128. Exobasidium vaccinii (fungi): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  129. Frankliniella occidentalis - Microscopic exam.
  130. Fusarium avenaceum var. herbarum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  131. Fusarium circinatum: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  132. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycoperdici (FOL) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycoperdici (FORL): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  133. Fusarium oxysporum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  134. Fusarium proliferatum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  135. Fusarium sambucinum: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  136. Fusarium solani: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  137. Fusarium spp. - Horticultural importance. Detection of pathogenic species by molecular methods
  138. Ganoderma spp. (G. adspersum, G. pfeifferi, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  139. Garlic and other species of Allium, Virus ..., (garlic, onions, leeks, shallots) (OYDV, LYSV, SYSV, WoYSV, GCLV, SLV, GVX, ShVX, GMBFV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  140. Garlic Common Latent virus (GarCLV) (+ssRNA, Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  141. Glischrochilus quadrisignatus and Glischrochilus fasciatus (Coleoptera): Isolation and microscopic exam;; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  142. Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida (Potato cyst nematode): Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  143. Grapevine black-foot (related fungi): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  144. Grapevine Fanleaf virus (GFLV) (+ ssRNA, Secoviridae, Comovirinae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  145. Grapevine Fleck virus (GFkV) (+ssRNA; Tymoviridae, Maculavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  146. Grapevine Leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV), types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 (+ssRNA; Closteroviridae, Ampelovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  147. Grapevine Pinot Gris virus (GPGV) (+ssRNA; Betaflexiviridae, Trichovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  148. Grapevine Red Globe virus (GRGV) (+ssRNA; Tymoviridae, Maculavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  149. Grapevine Rupestris Stem-Pitting Associated virus (GRSPaV) (+ssRNA; Betaflexiviridae, Foveavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  150. Grapevine Rupestris Vein Feathering Virus (GRVFV) (+ssRNA; Tymoviridae, Maculavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  151. Grapevine Syrah virus-I (GSyV-I ) (+ssRNA; Tymoviridae, Marafivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  152. Grapevine virus A and B (GVA and GVB) (+ssRNA; Betaflexiviridae, Vitivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  153. Grapevine viruses: see: GFkV, GLRaV, GPGV, GRGV, GRSPaV, GRVFV, GSyV-I, GVA, GVB.
  154. Grapevine Yellows Phytoplasma: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  155. Grapholita funebrana (Lepidoptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  156. Guignardia bidwelli: see Phyllosticta ampelicida (syn. Guignardia bidwelli): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  157. Helminthosporium solani (silver scurf infected tuber tissue and soils): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  158. Hemiberlesia lataniae (Hemiptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  159. Hemicycliophora spp. (nematode): Detection by isolation; Microscopic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  160. Hepalosphaeria deformans (fungi): Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  161. Heterodera spp. in bulbs (root-associated cysts): Microscopic and macroscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  162. Heterodera spp. in soils (Heterodera schachtii, -sugar beet cyst nematode -SBCN-; Heterodera glycines -soybean cyst nematode-SCN-): Isolation from soil samples; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  163. High Plains virus (HPV) = Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) (-ssRNA): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  164. Hop Latent viroid (HLVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  165. Hop Latent virus (HpLV) (+ssRNA, Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  166. Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd): (see Citrus cachexia).
  167. Iresine viroid 1 (IrVd-1): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  168. Iris Yellow Spot virus (IYSV) (-ssRNA; Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  169. Iron bacteria (Iron-oxidizing / Iron-reducing bacteria): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  170. Isaria spp. (Isaria fumorosea, I. amoene-rosea, I. sinclairii, I. tenuipes, …) (Entomopathogenic fungus): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  171. Kyuri Green Mottle Mosaic virus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  172. Lactobacillus spp., and Lactobacillus plantarum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  173. Lactobacillus spp.; Lactobacillus fructivorans or other species: Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  174. Lecanicillium spp. (L. flavidum, L. lecanii, L. longisporum, L. muscarium, L. sabanerum, ….) (Entomopathogenic fungus): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  175. Leek Yellow Stripe virus (LYSV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  176. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado Potato Beetle): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  177. Leptosphaeria maculans (Anamorph Phoma lingam) - Stem chancre and blackfoot of cruciferous plants: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  178. Leptosphaeria spp. (teleomorph) y Phoma spp. (anamorph): Isolation in culture; Microscopic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  179. Lettuce big-vein virus (LBVV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  180. Lettuce Mosaic virus (LMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  181. Leucocoprinus birnmaunii (mushrooms): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  182. Leuconostoc spp., Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc kimchii, Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  183. Leucoptera malifoliella (Lepidoptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  184. Liberibacter solanacearum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  185. Liberibacter spp.: Liberibacter asiaticus, Liberibacter africanus Candidatus, Liberibacter solanacearum (syn. Liberibacter psyllaurous<(I>): Molecular diagnosis; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  186. Ligustrum Necrotic Ringspot virus (LNRV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  187. Lipolytic bacteria: (see Lipolytic microorganisms).
  188. Lipolytic fungi: (see Lipolytic microorganisms).
  189. Lipolytic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi): qualitative or quantitative (counting) culture by isolation in selectve and differential culture media; Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  190. Liriomyza sativae (Diptera, Brachycera, Agromyzidae, Liriomyza): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  191. Macrodactylus subspinosus (Coleoptera): Isolation and microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  192. Macrophomina phaseolina; M. pseudophaseolina; M. euphorbiicola: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing)..
  193. Maize Associated Totivirus (MATV) (Group III, dsRNA; Totiviridae, Totivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  194. Maize Chlorotic Dwarf virus (MCDV) (+ssRNA, Sequiviridae, Waikavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  195. Maize Chlorotic Mottle virus (MCMV) (+ssRNA, Tombusviridae, Machlomovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  196. Maize Dwarf Mosaic virus (MDMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  197. Maize Lethal Necrosis disease (MLND).
  198. Maize Rough Dwarf virus (MRDV) (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Fujivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  199. Maize Streak virus (MSV) (ssDNA, Germiniviridae, Mastrevirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  200. Maize Yellow Mosaic virus (MaYMV) (+ssRNA; Solemoviridae, Polerovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  201. Megasphaera cerevisiae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  202. Meloidogyne spp. (nematode): Detection by isolation; Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  203. Melon Necrotic Spot virus (MNSV) (+ssRNA, Tombusviridae, Carmovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  204. Metarhizium spp. (M. acridum, M. anisopliae, M. brunneum, M. globosum, M. majus, M. pingshaense, M. robertsii, …) (Entomopathogenic fungus): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  205. Methylobacterium spp.: ubiquitous bacterium, plant growth promoter and human opportunistic pathogen: qualitative and quantitative culture, molecular diagnosis (PCR) and species identification (PCR and sequencing).
  206. Mexican Papita viroid (MPVd) (syn. Tomato Planta Macho viroid -TPMVd-): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  207. Microalgae (Eukaryotes, Cyanobacteria y Diatoms): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing); Biomass quantification.
  208. Microthrix parvicella: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  209. Mildew of potatoes and tomatoes (See Phytophthora infestans).
  210. Mirafiori Lettuce Big-Vein virus (MiLBVV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  211. Monilinia spp. (Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia laxa) (fungi, Sclerotiniaceae, Monilinia): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  212. Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (fungi): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  213. Monosporascus spp. and Monosporascus cannonballus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  214. Moorella thermoacetica: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  215. Mycorrhizal: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  216. Naupactus leucolomas (arthropod): Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  217. Neofabraea vagabunda (anamorph Phlyctema vagabunda): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  218. Nitrifying bacteria (AOB -Ammonium oxidizing bacteria- and NOB -Nitrite oxidizing bacteria-): Molecular diagnosis (Quantitative Real-time PCR).
  219. Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp.): see Azotobacter spp. and Azospirillum spp.
  220. Nymphaea spp. (aquatic plants): Molecular identification (sequencing).
  221. Oenococcus oeni: Quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  222. Olpidium spp. (O. brassicae, O. bornovanus, O. virulentus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (PCR and sequencing).
  223. Onion Yellow Dwarf virus (OYDV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  224. Ophiostoma spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  225. Opuntia virus X (OpVX) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  226. Orobanche spp. (parasitic plant): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  227. Osmotolerant yeasts: qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  228. Paecilomyces spp. (P. lilacinus, P. variotii, P. javanicus, P. marquandii, P. viridis): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  229. Paenibacillus larvae spp. (American Foulbrood -AFB- of bee -Apis mellifera-: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Quantitative culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  230. Pantoea agglomerans and other species (Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea allii, Pantoea stewartii, Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes, Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  231. Pantoea spp. (P. dispersa and other species) in plant biostimulants: Isolation in qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  232. Papaya (Carica papaya): Identification of the hermaphrodite, female or male sex by molecular methods.
  233. Papaya Ringspot virus (PRSV) (+ssRNA, Patatavirales, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  234. Parietaria Mottle Virus (PMoV) (Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  235. Parlatoria oleae (Hemiptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  236. Passiflora Chlorosis virus (PaChV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  237. Pea Seed-Borne Mosaic virus (PSbMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  238. Peach Latent Mosaic viroid (PLMVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  239. Peach Rosette Mosaic virus (syn. Peach Rosette Mosaic Nepovirus) (PRMV)(+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Comovirinae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  240. Pectinatus spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  241. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  242. Pectobacterium chrysanthemi}: see Erwinia chrysantemi.
  243. Pepino Mosaic virus (pepMV) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  244. Pepino Mosaic virus (PepMV) - Strain molecular identification: European (EU); North American (US1/CH1); Chilean (CH2); Recombinant (US2); Original Peruvian (LP); nueva Peruvian (PES) - (PCR and sequencing).
  245. Pepper Chat Fruit viroid (PCFVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  246. Pepper Mild Mottle virus (PMMoV) (+ssRNA, Virgaviridae, Tobamovirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  247. Pepper Vein Yellows virus (PeVYV) (+ssRNA; Luteoviridae, Polerovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  248. Peronospora spp. (P. farinosa f. sp. spinaciae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  249. Pestalotiopsis spp. (fungi): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  250. Phakopsora euvitis (Leaf Rust disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  251. Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  252. Phelipanche spp. (parasitic plant): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  253. Phoma exigua var. foveata (syn. Phoma foveata; Boeremia foveata): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  254. Phoma terrestris (syn. Setophoma terrestris, Pyrenochaeta terrestris): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  255. Phomopsis spp.(Phoma amygdali) (syn. Diaporthe amygdali): Culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  256. Phomopsis viticola - See Diaporthe ampelina.
  257. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria: Isolation in culture; Molecular species identification (sequencing).
  258. Phototrophic bacteria in plant biostimulants and other samples: Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing). .
  259. Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  260. Phyllosticta ampelicida (syn. Guignardia bidwelli): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  261. Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (fungus from Root rot): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  262. Phytium spp. (Phytium oligandrum): Qualitative and/or Quantitative culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  263. Phytopathogenic fungi: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  264. Phytophthora cactorum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  265. Phytophthora cinnamomi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  266. Phytophthora erythroseptica: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  267. Phytophthora fragariae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  268. Phytophthora infestans - Mildew of potatoes and tomatoes: Molecular diagnosis (PCR). .
  269. Phytophthora ramorum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  270. Phytophthora spp. (fungi, Oomycete) (P. cactorum, P. cinnamoni, P. cryptogea, P. europaea; P. ilicis, P. infestans, P. inundata, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis, P. megasperma, P. nemorosa, P. nicotianae, P. pseudosyringae, P. psychrophila, P. qu
  271. Phytophthora spp., Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora infestans (Mildiu), Phytophthora ramorum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  272. Phytoplasma prunorum, Candidatus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  273. Phytoplasma solani (syn. Grapevine bois noir Phytoplasma / Stolbur Phytoplasma / Black Wood of grapevine / Maize redness / Matabolbur / Parastolbur / STOL / Stolbur of potato / Stolbur of tobacco / Stolbur of tomato: Molecular diag
  274. Phytoplasma spp. - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identificaction (PCR and sequencing).
  275. Phytoplasma vitis-Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis (flavescence dorée phytoplasma): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  276. Phytoplasmas (Aster Yellows Phytoplasma; Clover Phyllody Phytoplasma; Strawberry Lethal Yellows disease; Strawberry Green Petal diseases; Strawberry Witchs Broom Phytoplasma): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (PCR and sequencing).
  277. Pitaya virus X (PiVX) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  278. Plant Biostimulants: see Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Rhizobium spp.
  279. Plant Pathogenic Nematodes: Isolation from soil; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  280. Plasmodiophora brassicae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  281. Plum Pox virus (PPV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  282. Pluribacter gergoviae: Quantitative culture, Identification, Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing) Enterobacter gergoviae>.
  283. Poinsettia Mosaic Virus (PnMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  284. Potato Common Scab: Streptomyces scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. turgidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, …: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification
  285. Potato Latent virus (PotLV) (+ssRNA, Betaflexiviridae, Carlavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  286. Potato Mop-Top virus (PMTV) (+ssRNA, Virgaviridae, Pomovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  287. Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  288. Potato virus Y (PVY) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Diagnóstico molecular (RT-PCR).
  289. Potexvirus (Cactus virus X -CVX-; Opuntia virus X -OpVX-; Pitaya virus X -PiVX-; Schlumbergera virus X -SchVX-; Zygocactus virus X -ZyVX-) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  290. Pratylenchus spp. (P. penetrans) (nematode): Detection by isolation; Microscopic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  291. Priestia megaterium(syn. Bacillus megaterium): Isolation in culture (qualitative and/or quantitative); Molecular identification of isolates (sequencing); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  292. Prune Dwarf virus (PDV) (+ssRNA, Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  293. Prunus Necrotic Ringspot virus (PNRSV) (+ssRNA, Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  294. Pseudococcus calccolariae (Insect - mealybug, long-tailed mealybug): Isolation and microscopic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  295. Pseudococcus longispinus (mealybugs) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  296. Pseudomonas fluorescens: Isolation in culture (qualitative and/or quantitative); Molecular identification of isolates in culture (sequencing); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  297. Pseudomonas luteola (before Chryseomonas luteola): Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  298. Pseudomonas syringae pv morsprunorum. Family Pseudomonadaceae, Genus Pseudomonas, Species Pseudomonas syringae, Pathovars: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification and pathovar (sequencing).
  299. Pseudomonas viridiflava: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  300. Pyricularia grisea (Magnaporthe grisea) - Rice and other grasses infections (wheat, rye, barley, millet, and grass): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  301. Raffaelea lauricola: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  302. Ralstonia solanacearum: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  303. Ramularia collo-cygni: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  304. Raspberry Ringspot virus (RpRSV) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Comovirinae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  305. Rhabditida spp.: Isolation from soil samples; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  306. Rhizobium radiobacter: see Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
  307. Rhizobium spp. - Plant Biostimulant: Testing according to UNE-CEN/TS 17718: 2022 standard.
  308. Rhizobium spp.: Quantitative culture; Molecular identification of species (sequencing).
  309. Rhizoctonia spp. (R. solani, R. crocorum, R. violacea) (Syn. Helicobasidium purpureum, H. brebissonii; Hypochnus purpureus; Tanatophytum crocorum): Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing); Molecular diagnosi
  310. Rhizoglyphus echinopus: Isolation; Microscopìc exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  311. Rhizomonas suberifaciens (syn. Sphingomonas suberifaciens, Rhizohapis suberifaciens): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  312. Rhodococcus fascians - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  313. Rosellinia necatrix (fungus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  314. Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  315. Saccharomyces spp.: Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  316. Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its adulterants (Gardenia -Gardenia jasminoides-; Buddleja -Buddleja officinalis-; Turmeric -Curcuma longa-; Safflower -Carthamus tinctorius-; Calendula -Calendula officinalis-)
  317. Sarcina spp.: Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  318. Schlumbergera virus X (SchVX) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  319. Sclerotium spp. (Sclerotium cepivorum, S. rolfsii, …. ): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  320. Sex of plants - Males, females and hermaphrodites plants: Sex determination by molecular methods (PCR and RAPD).
  321. Sharka: See Plum Pox virus (PPV).
  322. Shewanella putrefaciens (syn. Pseudomonas putrefaciens): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  323. Sphaceloma punicae and others Spaceloma spp.: Culture and molecular identification (sequencing).
  324. Sphaerosporella brunnea: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  325. Sphyngomonas spp. (syn. Rhizomonas suberifaciens, syn. Rhizorhapis suberifaciens): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  326. Spiroplasma spp., (Spiroplasma api, Spiroplasma citri, Spiroplasma melliferum): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  327. Spongospora subterranea (protozoon from powdery scab of potatoes): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  328. Squah Mosaic virus (SqMV) (+ss RNA; Family Secoviridae; Genus Comovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  329. Stereum hirsutum (fungus, Basidiomycete): Isolation in culture; Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  330. Stereum purpureum: see Chondrostereum purpureum.
  331. Strawberry Crinkle virus (SCV) (-ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Cytorhabdovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  332. Strawberry Green Petal diseases (Phytoplasma associated): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  333. Strawberry Latent Ringspot virus (SLRSV) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  334. Strawberry lethal Yellows diseases (Phytoplasma associated): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  335. Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  336. Strawberry Mottle virus (SMoV) (+ssRNA, -RNA1 and RNA2-, Secoviridae, Sadwavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  337. Strawberry Necrotic Shock virus (SNSV) (+ssRNA; Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  338. Strawberry Vein Banding virus (SVBV) (dsDNA, Caulimoviridae, Caulimovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  339. Strawberry Witches' Broom Phytoplasma: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  340. Streptomyces coelicolor: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Isolation in qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  341. Streptomyces scabies, S. acidiscabies, S. turgidiscabies, S. europaeiscabiei, S. stelliscabiei, S. reticuliscabiei, S. luridiscabiei, S. niveiscabiei, S. puniciscabiei, …: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (sequencing).
  342. Streptomyces spp.: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  343. Sugarcane Mosaic virus (SCMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  344. Sulfate-reducing bacteria: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  345. Sunblotch viroid: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  346. Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt virus (SPCSV) (+ssRNA, Closteroviridae, Crinivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  347. Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle virus (SPFMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  348. Synchytrium endobioticum: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  349. Tarsonemus spp.: Isolation-concentration; Microscopy; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  350. Taxonus glabratus (Insect - sawfly): Isolation and microscpic exam; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  351. Thecaphora solani(fungi): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  352. Thielaviopsis paradoxa: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  353. Tobacco Etch virus (TEV) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae; Potyvirus; ): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  354. Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic virus (TMGMV): Diagnóstico molecular (RT-PCR).
  355. Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV) (+ssRNA; Virgaviridae; Tobamovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  356. Tobacco Rattle virus (TRV) (+ssRNA, Virgaviridae, Tobamovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  357. Tobacco Ringspot virus (TRSV) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Comovirinae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  358. Tobacco Streak virus (TSV) (+ssRNA, Bromoviridae, Ilarvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  359. Tobamovirus (+ssRNA, Family Virgaviridae, 7 genera and 59 species: BPMoV; BrMMv; CFMMV; CGMMV; PaMMV; PMMV-S; TMV; ToMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  360. Tobamovirus (+ssRNA, Virgaviridae, Tobamovirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  361. Tomato Apical Stunt viroid (TASVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  362. Tomato Black Ring virus (TBRV) (+ssRNA, Secoviridae, Nepovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  363. Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit virus (ToBRFV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  364. Tomato Chlorosis virus (ToCV) (2 x +ssRNA -RNA1 and RNA2-, Martellivirales, Closteroviridae, Crinivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  365. Tomato Chlorotic Dwarf viroid (TCDVd): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  366. Tomato Fruit Blotch virus (ToFBV) (+ssRNA -RNA1, RNA2, RNA3, RNA4-; Kitaviridae, Blunervirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  367. Tomato Infectiuos Chlorosis virus (TICV) (2 x +ssRNA -RNA1 and RNA2-, Martellivirales, Closteroviridae, Crinivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  368. Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) (cssDNA, Geminiviridae, Geminivirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  369. Tomato Mosaic virus (ToMV) (+ssRNA, Virgaviridae, Tobamovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  370. Tomato Mottle Mosaic virus (ToMMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  371. Tomato Planta Macho viroid (TPMVd) (syn. Mexican Papita viroid -MPVd-): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  372. Tomato Ringspot virus (ToRSV) (-ssRNA, Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  373. Tomato Spotted Wilt virus (TSWV) (-ssRNA, Bunyaviridae, Tospovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  374. Tomato Torrado virus (ToTV) (+ssRNA; Secoviridae, Torradovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  375. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) - Geminiviridae, Begomovirus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  376. Transgenics - GMO's: Genetically Modified Organisms: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  377. Trogoderma spp., Trogoderma granarium: Macroscopic and microscopic exam of samples; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  378. Tuber melanosporum and other truffles species - Microscopic identification; Molecular identification of Tuber spp. (PCR and sequencing).
  379. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) - Infection in Brassicaceae family plants (Tymoviridae, Tymovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  380. Urocystis spp. (Urocystis agropyri, U. tritici, U. hispanica, … ); Urocystis magica syn. Urocystis cepulae, syn. Tuburcinia magica: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  381. Ustilago maydis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  382. Vegetables -Tomatoes (plants or seeds): Comparison by SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats).
  383. Venturia oleaginea (syn. Fusicladium oleaginum, Spilocaea oleaginea, Cycloconium oleagineum): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  384. Verticillium dahliae and other species (Wilt): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Quantitative molecular diagnosis (Real time qPCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  385. Verticillium spp. (See Verticillium dahliae and other species of Verticillium).
  386. Watermelon Mosaic virus (WMV) (syn. Marrow Mosaic virus; Melon Mosaic virus; Watermelon Mosaic virus type 2) (+ssRNA; Potyviridae, Potyvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  387. Wheat Dwarf virus (WDV) (-ssDNA); Geminiviridae; Mastrevirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  388. Wheat Mosaic virus (WMoV) = High Plain virus (HPV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  389. Wheat Streak Mosaic virus (WSMV) (+ssRNA, Potyviridae, Tritimovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  390. White spider (Polyphagotarsonemus latus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  391. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (bacteria): Isolation in culture; Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  392. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  393. Xanthomonas spp., X. campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. passiflorae (syn. X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae), X. euvesicatoria, X. gardneri, X. perforans, X. vesicatoria: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  394. Xantomonas arboricola pv. juglandis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  395. Xiphinema spp. (nematode) (X. americanum, X. diversicaudatum, X. index, X. italiae, X. rivesi, X. vuittenezi, ...,, ...,): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  396. Xylella fastidiosa: Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  397. Xylophilus ampelinus (Grapevine Bacterial Necrosis) (Xanthomonadaceae, Xylophilus -syn. Xanthomonas ampelina y Erwinia vitivora-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  398. Zucchini Green Mottle Mosaic virus (ZGMMV) (+ss rRNA; Family Virgaviridae, Genus Tobamovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  399. Zygocactus virus X (ZgVX) (+ssRNA, Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  400. Zygosaccharomyces spp.; Zygosaccharomyces bailii or other species: Qualitative and/or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  401. Zymomonas mobilis in drinks (beer, cider, ...): Isolation in culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  402. Zythia versoniana and others Zythia spp.: Culture and molecular identification (sequencing).