Molecular veterinary Microbiology

  1. Acanthocheilonema reconditum - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  2. Acariosis - (see Snails-Acariosis-Heliciculture-parasitic pathology in snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  3. Acheta domesticus Densovirus (AdDNV) - Insect Parvovirus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  4. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  5. Aeromonas hydrophila.
  6. Aeromonas salmonicida
  7. African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) (Reoviridae, Orbivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  8. African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Asfarviridae, Asfivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  9. Akabane virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  10. American Foulbrood (AFB) of bee: Paenibacillus larvae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  11. Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) (Salmo salar, - Atlantic Salmon -)
  12. Anaplasma bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  13. Anaplasma phagocytophilum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  14. Anaplasma platys - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  15. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma bovis, A.centrale, A.marginale, A.phagocytophilum, A. platys) (see each species).
  16. Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. braziliense, A. tubaeforme, A. ceylanicum) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  17. Angullicola crassus (Angullicoides crassus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  18. Animal Poxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  19. Anisakis spp. - Macroscopic and microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (see Anisakis spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  20. Anthrax (see Bacillus anthracis).
  21. Aphthous fever (see Foot-and-Mouth disease).
  22. Archaea): General concepts - Culture; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  23. Arcobacter spp. - (see in the Clinical Microbiology Area: Human and animal pathology interest and in contamination sources -water and food from animal origin-).
  24. Astrovirus (see Astrovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  25. Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Infectious diseases - Molecular diagnosis (PCR, RT-PCR and Nucleic Acid sequencing).
  26. Aujeszky´s Disease (Suid Herpesvirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  27. Avian Adenovirus type 1 (FAD1= Celo virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  28. Avian Encephalomyelitis - Molecular diagnosis.
  29. Avian Flu - (see Influenza A).
  30. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  31. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus (IBV)
  32. Avian Infectious bursal (AIB); Gumboro´s Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  33. Avian Infectious Bursitis (Gumboro´s disease) - (see Infectious bursal disease virus; Gumboro disease).
  34. Avian Influenza - (see Influenza A).
  35. Avian leukosis virus (ALV).
  36. Avian Leukosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  37. Avian metapneumovirus and other species - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  38. Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma iowae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  39. Avian Nephritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  40. Avian Orthoreovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  41. Avian Paramyxovirus types 1 to 11 - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  42. Avian Poxvirus - (see Avipoxvirus).
  43. Avian Reovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  44. Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  45. Avian trichomoniasis - Trichomonas gallinae y Tetratrichomonas gallinarum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  46. Avibacterium paragallinarum – Avian infectious coryza: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  47. Avipoxvirus: Fowl Poxvirus (FWPV), Canary Poxvirus (CNPV) or other Avipoxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Identification of strain / species (PCR and sequencing).
  48. Porcine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  49. Babesia caballi (previous Babesia equi, currently Theileria equi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  50. Babesia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  51. Babesia divergens - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  52. Babesia gibsoni - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  53. Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B.caballi, B.canis canis, B.canis vogeli, B.canis rossi, B.equi, B.felis, B.gibsoni, B. major, B.motasi , B.ovis, B.perroncitoi, B.trautmanni) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (P
  54. Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax.
  55. Bagaza Virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  56. Bartonella bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  57. Bartonella clarridgeiae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  58. Bartonella henselae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  59. Bee Nosemosis (Fungus Microsporidia: Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  60. Birds, identificación of species: Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  61. Birnaviruses (Solea senegalensis - Sole -)
  62. Bluetongue virus.
  63. Border Disease Virus (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) (Border disease virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  64. Bordetella avium - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  65. Bordetella bronchiseptica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  66. Bornavirus (Avian Bornavirus) (Bornaviridae): Avian Proventricular Dilation Disease (PDD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  67. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. lusitaniae and other species) - Culture; IgG and IgM antibodies; Specific antibodies (immunoblot); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  68. Botulism - Clostridium botulinum (see Clostridium botulinum tests in the specific Clostridium botulinum Area).
  69. Bovine adenoviruses - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  70. Bovine and feline Trichomonosis - (see Tritrichomonas fetus: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  71. Bovine Coronavirus (Coronaviridae; IV, ss+RNA) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  72. Bovine Ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) (V, -ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus, BEFV, Kotonkon virus (KOTV); Adelaide River virus (ARV), Berrimah virus (BRMV), Kimberley virus (KIMV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  73. Bovine Herpesvirus (Malignant Catarrhal Fever) (I, dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Macavirus, species Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1) and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  74. Bovine Herpesvirus type 1: Infectiuos bovine rhinotracheitis (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  75. Bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BHV2).
  76. Bovine Herpesvirus type 2 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  77. Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  78. Bovine Leukemia Virus.
  79. Bovine Norovirus.
  80. Bovine Papilloma (I, dsDNA, Papillomaviridae, Deltapapillomavirus (Fibropapillomavirus), BPV-1, BPV-2; Epsilopapillomavirus, BPV-5; Xipapapillomavirus (epitheliotropic BPVs), BPV-3, BPV-4, BPV-6 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and s
  81. Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus (BPSV) (see Poxvirus borne by animals)
  82. Bovine Parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  83. Bovine Parvovirus (BPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  84. Bovine Piroplasmas - (see Babesiosis).
  85. Bovine Polyoma (I, dsDNA, Polyomaviridae, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma and Deltapolyomavirus, Currently Orthopolyomavirus, type SV40; Wukipolyomavirus, type KI polyomavirus; Avipolyomavirus, type Avian Polyomavirus.
  86. Bovine Pseudocowpox virus (Milker´s nodule) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus, Species Pseudocowpox virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  87. Bovine Reovirus (Reo: respiratory enteric orphan viruses) (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Spinareovirinae, Orthoreovirus, Species Mammalian Orthreovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  88. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (V, -ssRNA, Pneumoviridae, Orthopneumovirus, Species Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  89. Bovine Rhinovirus (IV, +ssRNA, Picornaviridae, Enterovirus, Species Rhinovirus A, B and C) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  90. Bovine Rotavirus (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Sedoreovirinae, Rotavirus, Species Rotavirus A to I) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  91. Bronchothrix thermosphacta in meat and fishes spoliage: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  92. Brucella abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  93. Brucella canis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  94. Brucella melitensis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  95. Brucella ovis - Molecular diagnosis and identification (PCR and sequencing).
  96. Brucella spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and food contamination - Culture; Antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  97. Brucella suis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  98. Bovine Viral diarrhea (BVD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  99. Cache Valley virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  100. Campylobacter spp.( Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  101. Canarypoxvirus (CNPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  102. Canine adenovirus type 1 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  103. Canine Adenovirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  104. Canine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  105. Canine Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasmas).
  106. Canine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  107. Canine Oral Papilloma - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  108. Canine Parvovirus (CPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  109. Caprine and ovine Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  110. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus -CAEV- (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  111. Caprine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  112. Caprine pustule virus (Capripox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  113. Capripoxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  114. Carnimonas nigrificans and other microorganisms of brown or black spots in fresh or cured meat products (hams, loins, pepperoni, sausage, ...) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  115. Carp virus (Spring viraemia).
  116. Chicken Anemia virus (Circoviridae, Gyrovirus, ssDNA) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  117. Chlamydia ovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  118. Chlamydophila abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  119. Chlamydophila caviae.
  120. Chlamydophila felis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  121. Chlamydophila pecorum.
  122. Chlamydophila pneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  123. Chlamydophila psittaci - (see Chlamydophila psittaci in the Clinical Microbiology area).
  124. Chronic and acute bee paralisis virus (CBPV y ABPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  125. Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) (Hog cholera Virus) (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  126. Claviceps purpurea (Ergotism, Ergot) - (see Ergotism).
  127. Clostridium botulinum - (see Clostridium botulinum testing in the specific test Area).
  128. Clostridium novyi types A, B and C: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  129. Clostridium perfringens (see Clostridium perfringens in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  130. Clostridium tetani - Toxin detection (experimental inoculation and neutralization test); IgG antidodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  131. Coccidiosis (chickens) - (see Eimeria spp.).
  132. Contagious Ecthyma; Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  133. Contagious Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  134. Cowpox (CPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  135. Coxiella burnetii in food: Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  136. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR) (See Coxiella burnetii in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  137. Cryptosporidium parvum.
  138. Cryptosporidium spp. - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  139. Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) (Goldfish).
  140. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).
  141. Dirofilaria repens.
  142. Distemper virus (Canine Distemper virus -CDV-) (Morbillivirus).
  143. Distemper virus in humans: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  144. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL).
  145. Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  146. Egg Drop virus syndrome - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  147. Ehrlichia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  148. Ehrlichia chaffeensis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  149. Ehrlichia ewingii - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  150. Ehrlichia risticii (currently Neorickettsia risticii) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  151. Eimeria acervulina; Other species of Eimeria.
  152. Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Encephalitozoonosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  153. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidiosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  154. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
  155. Enterovirus of several animal species.
  156. Epitheliotropic Disease virus (EEDV) (Salvelinus naruaycush - Lake trout -).
  157. Epizootic Hemorrhage Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  158. Equine adenoviruses (EAdV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  159. Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  160. Equine Herpesvirus type 3 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  161. Equine Herpesvirus type 8 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  162. Equine Herpesvirus type 9 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  163. Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Equine Herpesvirus types 1 or 4; EHV-1; EHV-4) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  164. Equine viral arteritis.
  165. Ergotism (Claviceps purpurea, Ergot) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing)
  166. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Strain comparison by MLST.
  167. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  168. Escherichia coli O157: H7 (stx-1 and stx-2 toxins).
  169. European Foulbrood of bees: Melissococcus plutonius - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  170. European X virus.
  171. Falcons: Main infections - Microbiological diagnosis.
  172. Feline Calicivirus (FCV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  173. Feline Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasma).
  174. Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  175. Feline Immunodeficiency virus.
  176. Feline Infectious Peritonitis -FIP- (Feline enteric Coronavirus variant) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  177. Feline Leukemia virus.
  178. Feline Panleukopenia Parvovirus.
  179. Fish Pasteurellosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae.
  180. Fish Photobacteriosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
  181. Fish species - Molecular identification of species.
  182. Flavobacterium columnare (Ictalurus punctatus columnaris disease-)
  183. Flavobacterium psychrophilum
  184. Flexibacter maritimus
  185. Foot and Mouth Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  186. Fowl Adenovirus (FAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  187. Fowlpox virus (FWPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  188. Francisella tularensis, Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  189. Gill Necrosis virus (Ictalurus punctatus, -Catfish, Gill Disease-)
  190. Glasser´s disease - (see Haemophilus parasuis).
  191. Gnathostoma spp. (Gnathosthoma spinigerum, Gnathostoma doloresi, Gnathostoma hispidum and Gnathostoma nipponicum)
  192. Goose Parvovirus (GPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  193. Gumboro virus disease - (see infectious bursal disease, Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  194. Haematopoietic necrosis virus (CyHV-2) (Goldfish)
  195. Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser disease) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis; Molecular typing of serovars-serotypes by sequencing.
  196. Heartworm - (see Dirofilaria immitis).
  197. Hematopoietic Necrosis virus - (see Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus).
  198. Hepatitis E virus - (see Hepatitis E virus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  199. Hepatozoon americanus (Canine American Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  200. Hepatozoon canis (Canine Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  201. Hepatozoon felis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  202. Hexamita meleagridis - (ver Spironucleus meleagridis).
  203. Histomonas meleagridis (Histomonosis or histomoniasis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  204. Hookworm: Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. tubaeforme, A. braziliense, A. ceylanicum.) - (see Ancylostoma spp.).
  205. Ictularid Herpesvirus-2 (IcHV-2) (Goldfish).
  206. Infections transmitted from companion animals (pets) (dogs and cats) to people, including children.
  207. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis -IBR- (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 -BHV-1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  208. Infectious Bursal Disease virus (Gumboro Disease Virus) - (see Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  209. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Atlantic salmon)
  210. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  211. Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus.
  212. Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  213. Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  214. Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) (Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon) (Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  215. Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis virus (ISKNV).
  216. Influenza A (all types: H1N1, H5N1, H5N2, H7N1, etc.) -Molecular diagnosis and typing (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  217. Insect, identification of species: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  218. Interstitial Nephritis carp virus
  219. Intestinal Adenomatous Hyperplasia (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  220. Iridoviruses (See Linfocistosis; LCDV: Lymphocystis disease virus).
  221. Jena virus (Norwalk-like) (IV, +ssRNA, Caliciviridae, Norovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  222. Johne´s Disease - (see Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP-).
  223. Koi Herpesvirus
  224. Kudoa spp. (Class Myxozoa, Order Multivalvulida, Family Kudoidae): Diagnosis and molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
  225. Largemouth Bass virus.
  226. Lawsonia intracellularis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  227. Leishmania spp. - (see Leishmania spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  228. Leporid Herpesvirus 4 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  229. Leporid Herpesvirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  230. Leptospira spp. - Culture; Antibodies by microagglutination; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of serovars (sequencing) (See Leptospira spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  231. Linfocistosis (LCDV: Lymphocystis Disease virus).
  232. Listeria monocytogenes - Molecular serotyping of seven major serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c and 4b.
  233. Louping ill virus (LIV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  234. Lyme Disease - (see Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato).
  235. Lymphocystis Disease Virus - (see Linfocistosis).
  236. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  237. Maedi-Visna virus (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  238. Malassezia pachydermatis and other Malassezia species - Antifungal Suceptibility tests.
  239. Malignant Catarrhal Fever - (see Bovine Herpesvirus -Malignant Catarrhal fever-).
  240. Marek Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  241. Meat: Animal meat species - Detection and animal species identification in meat food or animal feed - Molecular methods (PCR and sequencing).
  242. Meat sex, Bovine meat sex - Molecular testing.
  243. Mesocestoides spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  244. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in meat products - Culture; Molecular detection of MRSA; Molecular typing SCCmec, ST (MLST) and spa.
  245. Microsporidia spp. - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  246. Monkey Poxvirus (MPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  247. Morbillivirus (Canine distemper virus -CDV) - (see Distemper virus).
  248. Murine Norovirus.
  249. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis – Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  250. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP- (Johne´s disease).
  251. Mycobacterium chelonae (Salmonids).
  252. Mycobacterium spp. (Any species).
  253. Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification.
  254. Mycoplasma agalactiae (Contagious agalactia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  255. Mycoplasma bovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  256. Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia –CCP-) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  257. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Chronic Respiratory disease of poultry; Avian Infectious sinusitis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  258. Mycoplasma gallisepticum - (see Avian Mycoplasmosis).
  259. Mycoplasma goodi.
  260. Mycoplasma haemofelis (Feline infectious anemia; Feline Hemotropic mycoplasmosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  261. Mycoplasma haemolamae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  262. Mycoplasma haemominutum (Feline Infectious anemia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  263. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Porcine enzootic pneumonia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  264. Mycoplasma hyorhinis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  265. Mycoplasma iowae . (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  266. Mycoplasma mycoides - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides.
  267. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype LC (Large colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides).
  268. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype SC (Small colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).
  269. Mycoplasma putrefaciens - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).-
  270. Mycoplasma synoviae - (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  271. Mycotoxins - Mycotoxicosis - Fungi producers in digestive tract samples of animals, grains, feed, plants, soil, ..., - Fungal cultures; Molecular diagnosis of genes codifying for mycotoxins (PCR and sequencing).
  272. Myxobolus cerebralis (Salmonidae; Rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus)
  273. Myxoma virus (Myxomatosis) (Poxviridae, Chordopoxvirinae, Leporipoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  274. Myxomatosis (Leporipoxvirus) - (see Myxoma virus).
  275. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Myxozoan (Proliferative Kidney Disease, Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon-).
  276. Nairobisheep disease virus (Orthonairovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  277. Neoparamoeba pemaguidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease, -Salmonids-).
  278. Neorickettsia risticii (before Ehrlichia risticii) (see Ehrlichia risticii).
  279. Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) - Microscopic exam and molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  280. Nervous Necrosis - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis -VNN-).
  281. Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
  282. Newcastle Disease virus (Avian Paramyxovirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  283. Nodavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) - Molecular diagnosis.
  284. Nodular Contagious Dermatitis (Lumpy Skin Disease) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Capripoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  285. Orf virus (ORFV) (Ovine Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  286. Ovine Papilloma types 1, 2 and 3 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  287. Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus -JRSV-) (Retroviridae, Betaretrovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  288. Ovine Respiratory Syncitial virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  289. Pancreatic disease (PD) (Altlantic Salmon, Salmo salar).
  290. Parainfluenza virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  291. Paravaccinia (Pseudocowpox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  292. Partridges and other related birds: Infection in the red-legged partridge, grey and chukar partridges, phaisans and other related gamebirds - Microbiological diagnosis
  293. Parvicapsula minibicornis (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
  294. Pasteurella multocida and other Pasteurella spp.
  295. Peste des petits rumiants virus (Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  296. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae: Fish Pasteurellosis (Photobacteriosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  297. Photobacterium phosphoreum - fish spoilage bacteria: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  298. Pig erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  299. Piscirickettsia salmonis.
  300. Plasmodium gallinaceum – Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  301. Plasmodium knowlesi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  302. Plesiomonas shigelloides – Culture; identification; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  303. Pneumovirus (Avian Pneumovirus -APV-; Bovine respiratory syncitial virus -BRSV-; Pneumonia virus of mice -PVM-) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  304. Porcine Adenovirus (PAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  305. Porcine Circovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  306. Porcine Cytomegalovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  307. Porcine dysentery - (see Serpulina hyodysenteriae).
  308. Porcine Encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  309. Porcine Enterovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  310. Porcine Herpesvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  311. Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (IA) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  312. Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  313. Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  314. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  315. Porcine Rotavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  316. Porcine Torovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  317. Porcine Torque Teno Virus (TTV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  318. Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy (PHE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis ).
  319. Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) (Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, -Rainbow trout-).
  320. Prototheca spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and in enviromental contamination sources (environmental samples, foods and animal samples): Culture; Molecular identification(PCR and sequencing) - (see in the Water Microbiology A
  321. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  322. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica (Sparus aurata).
  323. Psychrophiles Clostridia in meat products (Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  324. Pustule - (see by species of animals affected).
  325. Rabbit Enteric Coronavirus (Coronaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  326. Rabbit kidney Vacuolating virus (RKV) (Polyomavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  327. Rabbit myxoma virus - (see Myxoma virus).
  328. Rabbit Parvovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  329. Rabbit Poxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  330. Rabbitt Hemorrhagic Disease virus (RHDV) (Caliciviridae, Lagovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  331. Rabies virus (See Rabies tests in the Rabies tests specific area).
  332. Renibacterium salmoniarum (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout -; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Bacterial kidney disease).
  333. Respiratory and intestinal Coronavirus.
  334. RGNNV (Redspotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
  335. Riccardoella limacum - (see Snails, Acariosis, Heliciculture, Parasitic pathology in Snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  336. Rift Valley Fever Virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  337. Rinderpest (V, -ssRNA, Paramixoviridae, Morbillivirus, Species Rinderpest Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  338. Rinderpest virus (RPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  339. River Ross virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  340. Rotavirus (Reoviridae, Rotavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  341. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serov. pullorum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  342. Salmonella enterica subsp enterica - Molecular antigenic typing; Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Antibodies to antigens O and H; Molecular comparison of strains.
  343. Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), SAV1 and SAV3 subtypes (Salmo salar).
  344. Sarcocystis tenella - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  345. SARS Coronavirus.
  346. Schmallenberg virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  347. Screwworm - Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysomya bezziana larvae producing miasis: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
  348. Serpulina hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  349. Sex determination in bovine meat - (see in the "Identification of Animal species in meat or fish products Area).
  350. Shewanella putrefaciens - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  351. Shope fibroma virus (SFV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  352. Sleeping Disease virus of salmonids.
  353. Snails-Acariosis-Helicicultura-parasitic pathology in snails. Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam.
  354. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Aspergillus spp.: Quantitative culture; Identification.
  355. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Fusarium spp.: Microscopic exam; Culture; Identification.
  356. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Verticillium spp.: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  357. Snails – Infectious pathology by Pseudomonas spp.: Culture; Identification.
  358. Snails – Parasitic pathology by Nematodes: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  359. Sphaerothecum destruens - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  360. Spironucleus meleagridis (syn. Hexamita meleagridis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  361. Strawberry Coldwater Disease (Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout -).
  362. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) (Bovine mastitis) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  363. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  364. Suid Herpesvirus type 1; Aujeszky disease; Pseudorabies) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  365. Swine Influenza virus.
  366. Surra - (see Trypanosoma evansi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis -PCR-)
  367. Swine erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  368. Swine, Herpesvirus 1 - (see Aujeszky).
  369. Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) (Picornaviridae, Enterovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  370. Taylorella equigenitalis (Contagious equine metritis -CEM-).
  371. Tenacibaculum maritimum.
  372. Theileria annulata (African and Mediterranean theileriosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  373. Theileria equi (before Babesia equi).
  374. Theileria orientalis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  375. Theileria parva - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  376. African or Mediterranean Theileriosis - (see Theileria annulata).
  377. Thelaziosis - Thelazia callipaeda. Ocular parasitism in dogs and cats with risk of transmission to people: current interest in Spain.
  378. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  379. Toxigenic Clostridia in animal feed: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  380. Toxoplasma gondii in meat or meat products for consumption - Molecular detection (PCR) and mouse bioassay.
  381. Trichomonas gallinae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  382. Tritrichomonas fetus (Bovine and feline Trichomonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  383. Trypanosoma evansi (Surra) - Microscopic exam; Experimental inoculation; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  384. Trypanosoma vivax - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  385. Tularemia - (see Francisella tularensis).
  386. Turkey Coronavirus.
  387. Turkey Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  388. Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)..
  389. Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  390. Ureaplasma parvum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  391. Usutu Virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  392. Vibrio anguillarum.
  393. Vaccinia virus (VACV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  394. Vesicular stomatitis virus.
  395. Vibrio tapetis.
  396. Vibriosis.
  397. Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER) (Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  398. Viral Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHDV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  399. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia of fishes (Rhabdoviridae; Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  400. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  401. Wesselsbron virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  402. West Nile Fever virus - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  403. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) (Penaeus monodom, Giant tiger shrimp)
  404. Yersinia enterocolitica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of pathogenic strains; Molecular identification of the main O serotypes.
  405. Yersinia ruckeri (Rainbow trout Enteric Red Mouth Disease)