Molecular veterinary Microbiology

  1. Abalone Herpesvirus: Molecular detection (PCR)
  2. Acanthocheilonema reconditum - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  3. Acariosis - (see Snails-Acariosis-Heliciculture-parasitic pathology in snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  4. Acheta domesticus Densovirus (AdDNV) - Insect Parvovirus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  5. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  6. Aeromonas hydrophila.
  7. Aeromonas salmonicida
  8. African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) (Reoviridae, Orbivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  9. African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Asfarviridae, Asfivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  10. Akabane virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  11. American Foulbrood (AFB) of bee: Paenibacillus larvae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  12. Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) (Salmo salar, - Atlantic Salmon -)
  13. Anaplasma bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  14. Anaplasma phagocytophilum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  15. Anaplasma platys - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  16. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma bovis, A.centrale, A.marginale, A.phagocytophilum, A. platys) (see each species).
  17. Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. braziliense, A. tubaeforme, A. ceylanicum) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  18. Angullicola crassus (Angullicoides crassus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  19. Animal Poxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  20. Anisakis spp. - Macroscopic and microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (see Anisakis spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  21. Anthrax (see Bacillus anthracis).
  22. Aphthous fever (see Foot-and-Mouth disease).
  23. Archaea): General concepts - Culture; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  24. Arcobacter spp. - (see in the Clinical Microbiology Area: Human and animal pathology interest and in contamination sources -water and food from animal origin-).
  25. Astrovirus (see Astrovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  26. Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Infectious diseases - Molecular diagnosis (PCR, RT-PCR and Nucleic Acid sequencing).
  27. Aujeszky´s Disease (Suid Herpesvirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  28. Avian Adenovirus type 1 (FAD1= Celo virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  29. Avian Encephalomyelitis - Molecular diagnosis.
  30. Avian Flu - (see Influenza A).
  31. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  32. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus (IBV)
  33. Avian Infectious bursal (AIB); Gumboro´s Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  34. Avian Infectious Bursitis (Gumboro´s disease) - (see Infectious bursal disease virus; Gumboro disease).
  35. Avian Influenza - (see Influenza A).
  36. Avian leukosis virus (ALV).
  37. Avian Leukosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  38. Avian metapneumovirus and other species - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  39. Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma iowae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  40. Avian Nephritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  41. Avian Orthoreovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  42. Avian Paramyxovirus types 1 to 11 - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  43. Avian Poxvirus - (see Avipoxvirus).
  44. Avian Reovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  45. Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  46. Avian trichomoniasis - Trichomonas gallinae y Tetratrichomonas gallinarum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  47. Avibacterium paragallinarum – Avian infectious coryza: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  48. Avipoxvirus: Fowl Poxvirus (FWPV), Canary Poxvirus (CNPV) or other Avipoxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Identification of strain / species (PCR and sequencing).
  49. Perkinsus marinus and Perkinsus olseni: Molecular detection (PCR).
  50. Porcine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  51. Babesia caballi (previous Babesia equi, currently Theileria equi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  52. Babesia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  53. Babesia divergens - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  54. Babesia gibsoni - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  55. Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B.caballi, B.canis canis, B.canis vogeli, B.canis rossi, B.equi, B.felis, B.gibsoni, B. major, B.motasi , B.ovis, B.perroncitoi, B.trautmanni) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (P
  56. Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax.
  57. Bagaza Virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  58. Bartonella bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  59. Bartonella clarridgeiae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  60. Bartonella henselae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  61. Bee Nosemosis (Fungus Microsporidia: Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  62. Birds, identificación of species: Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  63. Birnaviruses (Solea senegalensis - Sole -)
  64. Bluetongue virus.
  65. Bonamia ostreae and Bonamia exitiosa: Molecular detection (PCR).
  66. Border Disease Virus (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) (Border disease virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  67. Bordetella avium - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  68. Bordetella bronchiseptica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  69. Bornavirus (Avian Bornavirus) (Bornaviridae): Avian Proventricular Dilation Disease (PDD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  70. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. lusitaniae and other species) - Culture; IgG and IgM antibodies; Specific antibodies (immunoblot); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  71. Botulism - Clostridium botulinum (see Clostridium botulinum tests in the specific Clostridium botulinum Area).
  72. Bovine adenoviruses - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  73. Bovine and feline Trichomonosis - (see Tritrichomonas fetus: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  74. Bovine Coronavirus (Coronaviridae; IV, ss+RNA) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  75. Bovine Ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) (V, -ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus, BEFV, Kotonkon virus (KOTV); Adelaide River virus (ARV), Berrimah virus (BRMV), Kimberley virus (KIMV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  76. Bovine Herpesvirus (Malignant Catarrhal Fever) (I, dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Macavirus, species Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1) and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  77. Bovine Herpesvirus type 1: Infectiuos bovine rhinotracheitis (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  78. Bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BHV2).
  79. Bovine Herpesvirus type 2 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  80. Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  81. Bovine Leukemia Virus.
  82. Bovine Norovirus.
  83. Bovine Papilloma (I, dsDNA, Papillomaviridae, Deltapapillomavirus (Fibropapillomavirus), BPV-1, BPV-2; Epsilopapillomavirus, BPV-5; Xipapapillomavirus (epitheliotropic BPVs), BPV-3, BPV-4, BPV-6 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and s
  84. Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus (BPSV) (see Poxvirus borne by animals)
  85. Bovine Parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  86. Bovine Parvovirus (BPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  87. Bovine Piroplasmas - (see Babesiosis).
  88. Bovine Polyoma (I, dsDNA, Polyomaviridae, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma and Deltapolyomavirus, Currently Orthopolyomavirus, type SV40; Wukipolyomavirus, type KI polyomavirus; Avipolyomavirus, type Avian Polyomavirus.
  89. Bovine Pseudocowpox virus (Milker´s nodule) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus, Species Pseudocowpox virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  90. Bovine Reovirus (Reo: respiratory enteric orphan viruses) (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Spinareovirinae, Orthoreovirus, Species Mammalian Orthreovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  91. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (V, -ssRNA, Pneumoviridae, Orthopneumovirus, Species Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  92. Bovine Rhinovirus (IV, +ssRNA, Picornaviridae, Enterovirus, Species Rhinovirus A, B and C) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  93. Bovine Rotavirus (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Sedoreovirinae, Rotavirus, Species Rotavirus A to I) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  94. Bronchothrix thermosphacta in meat and fishes spoliage: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  95. Brucella abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  96. Brucella canis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  97. Brucella melitensis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  98. Brucella ovis - Molecular diagnosis and identification (PCR and sequencing).
  99. Brucella spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and food contamination - Culture; Antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  100. Brucella suis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  101. Bovine Viral diarrhea (BVD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  102. Cache Valley virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  103. Campylobacter spp.( Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  104. Canarypoxvirus (CNPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  105. Canine adenovirus type 1 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  106. Canine Adenovirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  107. Canine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  108. Canine Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasmas).
  109. Canine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  110. Canine Oral Papilloma - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  111. Canine Parvovirus (CPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  112. Caprine and ovine Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  113. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus -CAEV- (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  114. Caprine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  115. Caprine pustule virus (Capripox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  116. Capripoxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  117. Carnimonas nigrificans and other microorganisms of brown or black spots in fresh or cured meat products (hams, loins, pepperoni, sausage, ...) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  118. Carp virus (Spring viraemia).
  119. Chicken Anemia virus (Circoviridae, Gyrovirus, ssDNA) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  120. Chlamydia ovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  121. Chlamydophila abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  122. Chlamydophila caviae.
  123. Chlamydophila felis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  124. Chlamydophila pecorum.
  125. Chlamydophila pneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  126. Chlamydophila psittaci - (see Chlamydophila psittaci in the Clinical Microbiology area).
  127. Chronic and acute bee paralisis virus (CBPV y ABPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  128. Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) (Hog cholera Virus) (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  129. Claviceps purpurea (Ergotism, Ergot) - (see Ergotism).
  130. Clostridium botulinum - (see Clostridium botulinum testing in the specific test Area).
  131. Clostridium novyi types A, B and C: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  132. Clostridium perfringens (see Clostridium perfringens in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  133. Clostridium tetani - Toxin detection (experimental inoculation and neutralization test); IgG antidodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  134. Coccidiosis (chickens) - (see Eimeria spp.).
  135. Contagious Ecthyma; Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  136. Contagious Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  137. Cowpox (CPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  138. Coxiella burnetii in food: Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  139. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR) (See Coxiella burnetii in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  140. Cryptosporidium parvum.
  141. Cryptosporidium spp. - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  142. Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) (Goldfish).
  143. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).
  144. Dirofilaria repens.
  145. Distemper virus (Canine Distemper virus -CDV-) (Morbillivirus).
  146. Distemper virus in humans: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  147. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL).
  148. Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  149. Egg Drop virus syndrome - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  150. Ehrlichia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  151. Ehrlichia chaffeensis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  152. Ehrlichia ewingii - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  153. Ehrlichia risticii (currently Neorickettsia risticii) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  154. Eimeria acervulina; Other species of Eimeria.
  155. Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Encephalitozoonosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  156. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidiosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  157. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
  158. Enterovirus of several animal species.
  159. Epitheliotropic Disease virus (EEDV) (Salvelinus naruaycush - Lake trout -).
  160. Epizootic Hemorrhage Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  161. Equine adenoviruses (EAdV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  162. Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  163. Equine Herpesvirus type 3 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  164. Equine Herpesvirus type 8 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  165. Equine Herpesvirus type 9 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  166. Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Equine Herpesvirus types 1 or 4; EHV-1; EHV-4) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  167. Equine viral arteritis.
  168. Ergotism (Claviceps purpurea, Ergot) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing)
  169. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Strain comparison by MLST.
  170. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  171. Escherichia coli O157: H7 (stx-1 and stx-2 toxins).
  172. European Foulbrood of bees: Melissococcus plutonius - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  173. European X virus.
  174. Falcons: Main infections - Microbiological diagnosis.
  175. Feline Calicivirus (FCV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  176. Feline Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasma).
  177. Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  178. Feline Immunodeficiency virus.
  179. Feline Infectious Peritonitis -FIP- (Feline enteric Coronavirus variant) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  180. Feline Leukemia virus.
  181. Feline Panleukopenia Parvovirus.
  182. Fish Pasteurellosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae.
  183. Fish Photobacteriosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
  184. Fish species - Molecular identification of species.
  185. Flavobacterium columnare (Ictalurus punctatus columnaris disease-)
  186. Flavobacterium psychrophilum
  187. Flexibacter maritimus
  188. Foot and Mouth Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  189. Fowl Adenovirus (FAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  190. Fowlpox virus (FWPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  191. Francisella tularensis, Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  192. Gill Necrosis virus (Ictalurus punctatus, -Catfish, Gill Disease-)
  193. Glasser´s disease - (see Haemophilus parasuis).
  194. Gnathostoma spp. (Gnathosthoma spinigerum, Gnathostoma doloresi, Gnathostoma hispidum and Gnathostoma nipponicum)
  195. Goose Parvovirus (GPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  196. Gumboro virus disease - (see infectious bursal disease, Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  197. Haematopoietic necrosis virus (CyHV-2) (Goldfish)
  198. Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser disease) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis; Molecular typing of serovars-serotypes by sequencing.
  199. Heartworm - (see Dirofilaria immitis).
  200. Hematopoietic Necrosis virus - (see Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus).
  201. Hepatitis E virus - (see Hepatitis E virus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  202. Hepatozoon americanus (Canine American Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  203. Hepatozoon canis (Canine Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  204. Hepatozoon felis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  205. Hexamita meleagridis - (ver Spironucleus meleagridis).
  206. Histomonas meleagridis (Histomonosis or histomoniasis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  207. Hookworm: Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. tubaeforme, A. braziliense, A. ceylanicum.) - (see Ancylostoma spp.).
  208. Ictularid Herpesvirus-2 (IcHV-2) (Goldfish).
  209. Infections transmitted from companion animals (pets) (dogs and cats) to people, including children.
  210. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis -IBR- (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 -BHV-1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  211. Infectious Bursal Disease virus (Gumboro Disease Virus) - (see Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  212. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Atlantic salmon)
  213. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  214. Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus.
  215. Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  216. Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  217. Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) (Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon) (Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  218. Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis virus (ISKNV).
  219. Influenza A (all types: H1N1, H5N1, H5N2, H7N1, etc.) -Molecular diagnosis and typing (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  220. Insect, identification of species: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  221. Interstitial Nephritis carp virus
  222. Intestinal Adenomatous Hyperplasia (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  223. Iridoviruses (See Linfocistosis; LCDV: Lymphocystis disease virus).
  224. Jena virus (Norwalk-like) (IV, +ssRNA, Caliciviridae, Norovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  225. Johne´s Disease - (see Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP-).
  226. Koi Herpesvirus
  227. Kudoa spp. (Class Myxozoa, Order Multivalvulida, Family Kudoidae): Diagnosis and molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
  228. Largemouth Bass virus.
  229. Lawsonia intracellularis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  230. Leishmania spp. - (see Leishmania spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  231. Leporid Herpesvirus 4 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  232. Leporid Herpesvirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  233. Leptospira spp. - Culture; Antibodies by microagglutination; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of serovars (sequencing) (See Leptospira spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  234. Linfocistosis (LCDV: Lymphocystis Disease virus).
  235. Listeria monocytogenes - Molecular serotyping of seven major serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c and 4b.
  236. Louping ill virus (LIV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  237. Lyme Disease - (see Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato).
  238. Lymphocystis Disease Virus - (see Linfocistosis).
  239. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  240. Maedi-Visna virus (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  241. Malassezia pachydermatis and other Malassezia species - Antifungal Suceptibility tests.
  242. Malignant Catarrhal Fever - (see Bovine Herpesvirus -Malignant Catarrhal fever-).
  243. Marek Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  244. Marteilia refringens: Molecular detection (PCR).
  245. Meat: Animal meat species - Detection and animal species identification in meat food or animal feed - Molecular methods (PCR and sequencing).
  246. Meat sex, Bovine meat sex - Molecular testing.
  247. Mesocestoides spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  248. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in meat products - Culture; Molecular detection of MRSA; Molecular typing SCCmec, ST (MLST) and spa.
  249. Microsporidia spp. - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  250. Monkey Poxvirus (MPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  251. Morbillivirus (Canine distemper virus -CDV) - (see Distemper virus).
  252. Murine Norovirus.
  253. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis – Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  254. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP- (Johne´s disease).
  255. Mycobacterium chelonae (Salmonids).
  256. Mycobacterium spp. (Any species).
  257. Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification.
  258. Mycoplasma agalactiae (Contagious agalactia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  259. Mycoplasma bovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  260. Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia –CCP-) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  261. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Chronic Respiratory disease of poultry; Avian Infectious sinusitis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  262. Mycoplasma gallisepticum - (see Avian Mycoplasmosis).
  263. Mycoplasma goodi.
  264. Mycoplasma haemofelis (Feline infectious anemia; Feline Hemotropic mycoplasmosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  265. Mycoplasma haemolamae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  266. Mycoplasma haemominutum (Feline Infectious anemia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  267. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Porcine enzootic pneumonia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  268. Mycoplasma hyorhinis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  269. Mycoplasma iowae . (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  270. Mycoplasma mycoides - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides.
  271. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype LC (Large colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides).
  272. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype SC (Small colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).
  273. Mycoplasma putrefaciens - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).-
  274. Mycoplasma synoviae - (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  275. Mycotoxins - Mycotoxicosis - Fungi producers in digestive tract samples of animals, grains, feed, plants, soil, ..., - Fungal cultures; Molecular diagnosis of genes codifying for mycotoxins (PCR and sequencing).
  276. Myxobolus cerebralis (Salmonidae; Rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus)
  277. Myxoma virus (Myxomatosis) (Poxviridae, Chordopoxvirinae, Leporipoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  278. Myxomatosis (Leporipoxvirus) - (see Myxoma virus).
  279. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Myxozoan (Proliferative Kidney Disease, Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon-).
  280. Nairobisheep disease virus (Orthonairovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  281. Neoparamoeba pemaguidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease, -Salmonids-).
  282. Neopestalotiopsis / Pestalotiopsis: Molecular detection (PCR).
  283. Neorickettsia risticii (before Ehrlichia risticii) (see Ehrlichia risticii).
  284. Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) - Microscopic exam and molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  285. Nervous Necrosis - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis -VNN-).
  286. Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
  287. Newcastle Disease virus (Avian Paramyxovirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  288. Nodavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) - Molecular diagnosis.
  289. Nodular Contagious Dermatitis (Lumpy Skin Disease) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Capripoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  290. Orf virus (ORFV) (Ovine Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  291. Ovine Papilloma types 1, 2 and 3 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  292. Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus -JRSV-) (Retroviridae, Betaretrovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  293. Ovine Respiratory Syncitial virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  294. Pancreatic disease (PD) (Altlantic Salmon, Salmo salar).
  295. Parainfluenza virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  296. Paravaccinia (Pseudocowpox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  297. Partridges and other related birds: Infection in the red-legged partridge, grey and chukar partridges, phaisans and other related gamebirds - Microbiological diagnosis
  298. Parvicapsula minibicornis (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
  299. Pasteurella multocida and other Pasteurella spp.
  300. Peste des petits rumiants virus (Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
  301. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae: Fish Pasteurellosis (Photobacteriosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  302. Photobacterium phosphoreum - fish spoilage bacteria: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  303. Pig erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  304. Piscirickettsia salmonis.
  305. Plasmodium gallinaceum – Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  306. Plasmodium knowlesi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  307. Plesiomonas shigelloides – Culture; identification; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  308. Pneumovirus (Avian Pneumovirus -APV-; Bovine respiratory syncitial virus -BRSV-; Pneumonia virus of mice -PVM-) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  309. Porcine Adenovirus (PAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  310. Porcine Circovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  311. Porcine Cytomegalovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  312. Porcine dysentery - (see Serpulina hyodysenteriae).
  313. Porcine Encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  314. Porcine Enterovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  315. Porcine Herpesvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  316. Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (IA) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  317. Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  318. Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  319. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  320. Porcine Rotavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  321. Porcine Torovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  322. Porcine Torque Teno Virus (TTV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  323. Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy (PHE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis ).
  324. Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) (Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, -Rainbow trout-).
  325. Prototheca spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and in enviromental contamination sources (environmental samples, foods and animal samples): Culture; Molecular identification(PCR and sequencing) - (see in the Water Microbiology A
  326. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  327. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica (Sparus aurata).
  328. Psychrophiles Clostridia in meat products (Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  329. Pustule - (see by species of animals affected).
  330. Rabbit Enteric Coronavirus (Coronaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  331. Rabbit kidney Vacuolating virus (RKV) (Polyomavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  332. Rabbit myxoma virus - (see Myxoma virus).
  333. Rabbit Parvovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  334. Rabbit Poxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  335. Rabbitt Hemorrhagic Disease virus (RHDV) (Caliciviridae, Lagovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  336. Rabies virus (See Rabies tests in the Rabies tests specific area).
  337. Renibacterium salmoniarum (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout -; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Bacterial kidney disease).
  338. Respiratory and intestinal Coronavirus.
  339. RGNNV (Redspotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
  340. Riccardoella limacum - (see Snails, Acariosis, Heliciculture, Parasitic pathology in Snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  341. Rift Valley Fever Virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  342. Rinderpest (V, -ssRNA, Paramixoviridae, Morbillivirus, Species Rinderpest Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  343. Rinderpest virus (RPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  344. River Ross virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  345. Rotavirus (Reoviridae, Rotavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  346. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serov. pullorum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  347. Salmonella enterica subsp enterica - Molecular antigenic typing; Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Antibodies to antigens O and H; Molecular comparison of strains.
  348. Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), SAV1 and SAV3 subtypes (Salmo salar).
  349. Sarcocystis tenella - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  350. SARS Coronavirus.
  351. Schmallenberg virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  352. Screwworm - Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysomya bezziana larvae producing miasis: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
  353. Serpulina hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  354. Sex determination in bovine meat - (see in the "Identification of Animal species in meat or fish products Area).
  355. Shewanella putrefaciens - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  356. Shope fibroma virus (SFV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  357. Sleeping Disease virus of salmonids.
  358. Snails-Acariosis-Helicicultura-parasitic pathology in snails. Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam.
  359. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Aspergillus spp.: Quantitative culture; Identification.
  360. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Fusarium spp.: Microscopic exam; Culture; Identification.
  361. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Verticillium spp.: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  362. Snails – Infectious pathology by Pseudomonas spp.: Culture; Identification.
  363. Snails – Parasitic pathology by Nematodes: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  364. Sphaerothecum destruens - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  365. Spironucleus meleagridis (syn. Hexamita meleagridis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  366. Strawberry Coldwater Disease (Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout -).
  367. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) (Bovine mastitis) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  368. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  369. Suid Herpesvirus type 1; Aujeszky disease; Pseudorabies) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  370. Swine Influenza virus.
  371. Surra - (see Trypanosoma evansi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis -PCR-)
  372. Swine erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  373. Swine, Herpesvirus 1 - (see Aujeszky).
  374. Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) (Picornaviridae, Enterovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  375. Taylorella equigenitalis (Contagious equine metritis -CEM-).
  376. Tenacibaculum maritimum.
  377. Theileria annulata (African and Mediterranean theileriosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  378. Theileria equi (before Babesia equi).
  379. Theileria orientalis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  380. Theileria parva - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  381. African or Mediterranean Theileriosis - (see Theileria annulata).
  382. Thelaziosis - Thelazia callipaeda. Ocular parasitism in dogs and cats with risk of transmission to people: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  383. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  384. Toxigenic Clostridia in animal feed: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  385. Toxoplasma gondii – IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  386. Toxoplasma gondii in meat or meat products for consumption - Molecular detection (PCR) and mouse bioassay.
  387. Trichomonas gallinae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  388. Tritrichomonas fetus (Bovine and feline Trichomonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  389. Trypanosoma evansi (Surra) - Microscopic exam; Experimental inoculation; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  390. Trypanosoma vivax - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  391. Tularemia - (see Francisella tularensis).
  392. Turkey Coronavirus.
  393. Turkey Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  394. Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)..
  395. Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  396. Ureaplasma parvum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  397. Usutu Virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  398. Vibrio anguillarum.
  399. Vaccinia virus (VACV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  400. Vesicular stomatitis virus.
  401. Vibrio tapetis.
  402. Vibriosis.
  403. Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER) (Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  404. Viral Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHDV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  405. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia of fishes (Rhabdoviridae; Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  406. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  407. Wesselsbron virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  408. West Nile Fever virus - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  409. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) (Penaeus monodom, Giant tiger shrimp)
  410. Xenohaliotis californiensis: Molecular detection (PCR).
  411. Yersinia enterocolitica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of pathogenic strains; Molecular identification of the main O serotypes.
  412. Yersinia ruckeri (Rainbow trout Enteric Red Mouth Disease)