Molecular veterinary Microbiology

  1. Abalone Herpesvirus (dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  2. Acanthamoeba spp. in freshwater or lesions from animals: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  3. Acanthocheilonema reconditum - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  4. Acariosis - (see Snails-Acariosis-Heliciculture-parasitic pathology in snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  5. Acheta domesticus Densovirus (AdDNV) (crickets virus) - Insect Parvovirus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  6. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  7. Acute Bee Paralysis virus (ABPV) (+ssRNA, Dicistroviridae, Aparavirus) - Bees: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  8. Aeromonas hydrophila.
  9. Aeromonas salmonicida(fish furunculosis, Tail-rot).
  10. African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) (Reoviridae, Orbivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  11. African Horse Sickness virus (Reoviridae, Orbivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  12. African swine fever virus (ASFV) (dsDNA, Asfarviridae, Asfivirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  13. Akabane virus (-ssRNA, Bunyavirales, Peribunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  14. American Foulbrood (AFB) of bee: Paenibacillus larvae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  15. Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) (Salmo salar, - Atlantic Salmon -)
  16. Anaplasma bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  17. Anaplasma phagocytophilum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  18. Anaplasma platys - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  19. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma bovis, A.centrale, A.marginale, A.phagocytophilum, A. platys) (see each species).
  20. Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. braziliense, A. ceylanicum, A. tubaeforme): Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  21. Angiostrongylus vasorum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  22. Angullicola crassus (Angullicoides crassus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  23. Animal species in meat or animal proteins in food or feed: Molecular identification (sequencing).
  24. Anisakis spp. - Macroscopic and microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (see Anisakis spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  25. Anthrax (see Bacillus anthracis).
  26. Aphthous fever (Foot-and-Mouth disease -FMD-) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Picornaviridae, Aphthovirus): see Foot-and-Mouth disease.
  27. Apicystis bombi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  28. Archaea): Culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  29. Arcobacter spp. - (see in the Clinical Microbiology Area: Human and animal pathology interest and in contamination sources -water and food from animal origin-).
  30. Arenavirus (-ssRNA, Arenaviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  31. Ascosphaera spp., Ascosphaera apis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  32. Astrovirus (see Astrovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  33. Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Infectious diseases - Molecular diagnosis (PCR, RT-PCR and Nucleic Acid sequencing).
  34. Aujeszky disease (Ver - Suid Herpesvirus type 1; Pseudorabies; Aujeszky disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  35. Avian Adenovirus group 3 (Egg Drop Syndrome) (dsDNA, Adenoviridae, Adenovirus, Fowl Adenovirus A): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  36. Avian Adenovirus type 1 (Fowl Adenovirus 1) (FAD1= Celo virus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  37. Avian Bornavirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  38. Avian Encephalomyelitis (+ssRNA, Picornaviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  39. Avian Flu - (see Influenza A).
  40. Avian Hemoparasites (Plasmodium spp., Leucozytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp.)>: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  41. Avian Infectious Bronchitis (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  42. Avian Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus (IBV)
  43. Avian Infectious bursal (AIB) (IBDV: Infectious Bursal Disease virus), Gumboro´s Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  44. Avian Infectious Bursitis (Gumboro´s disease) - (see Infectious bursal disease virus; Gumboro disease).
  45. Avian Influenza - (see Influenza A).
  46. Avian Leucosis virus (subgroups A-E y J): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  47. Avian leukosis virus (ALV).
  48. Avian Leukosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  49. Avian metapneumovirus and other species - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  50. Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma iowae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  51. Avian Nephritis virus (+ssRNA, Astroviridae, Avastrovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  52. Avian Orthoreovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  53. Avian Paramyxovirus types 1 to 11: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  54. Avian Parvovirus (chicken, turkeys, ducks, ...) (ssDNA with + and - strands, Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Aveparvovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  55. Avian Pneumovirus (APV) (-ssRNA, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirinae, Metapneumovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  56. Avian Pneumovirus (APV) (-ssRNA, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirinae, Metapneumovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  57. Avian Poxvirus - (see Avipoxvirus).
  58. Avian Reovirus (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Orthoreovirus, Avian Orthoreovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR). - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  59. Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus (Reoviridae, Orthoretrovirinae, Gammaretrovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  60. Avian Rotavirus aviar: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  61. Avian trichomoniasis - Trichomonas gallinae y Tetratrichomonas gallinarum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  62. Avibacterium paragallinarum (syn. Haemophilus paragallinarum) – Avian infectious coryza: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  63. Avipoxvirus: Fowl Poxvirus (FWPV), Canary Poxvirus (CNPV), Pigeonpox, Quailpox or other Avipoxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Identification of strain / species (sequencing).
  64. Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) (+ssRNA; Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus, Hepacivirus A (syn. Canine hepacivirus, Equine hepacivirus, non-primate hepacivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  65. Perkinsus marinus and Perkinsus olseni: Molecular detection (PCR).
  66. Porcine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  67. Babesia caballi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  68. Babesia canis (B. canis subsp. canis, B. canis subsp. vogeli, B. canis subsp. rossi): Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  69. Babesia divergens - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  70. Babesia gibsoni - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  71. Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B.caballi, B.canis canis, B.canis vogeli, B.canis rossi, B.equi, B.felis, B.gibsoni, B. major, B.motasi , B.ovis, B.perroncitoi, B.trautmanni) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (P
  72. Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax.
  73. Bacterial Kidney disease of fishes: see Renibacterium salmonarium.
  74. Bagaza Virus (+ssRNA, Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  75. Balamuthia mandrillaris in freshwater or lesions from animals: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  76. Bartonella bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  77. Bartonella clarridgeiae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  78. Bartonella henselae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  79. Bartonella koehlerae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  80. Bartonella quintana: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  81. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  82. Bee Nosemosis (Microsporidia - Nosema apis, Nosema bombi, Nosema ceranae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  83. Birds, identificación of species: Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
  84. Birnaviruses (Solea senegalensis - Sole -)
  85. Black Queen Cell virus (BQCV) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Dicistroviridae, Triatovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  86. Bluetongue virus (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Orbivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  87. Bonamia ostreae and Bonamia exitiosa: Molecular detection (PCR).
  88. Border Disease Virus (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) (Border disease virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  89. Bordetella avium - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  90. Bordetella bronchiseptica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  91. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. lusitaniae and other species) - Culture; IgG and IgM antibodies; Specific antibodies (immunoblot); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  92. Borrelia spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  93. Botulism - Clostridium botulinum (see Clostridium botulinum tests in the specific Clostridium botulinum Area).
  94. Bovine adenoviruses - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  95. Bovine and feline Trichomonosis - (see Tritrichomonas fetus: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  96. Bovine Coronavirus (+ssRNA,Coronaviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  97. Bovine Ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) (-ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus, Kotonkon virus (KOTV); Adelaide River virus (ARV), Berrimah virus (BRMV), Kimberley virus (KIMV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  98. Bovine Herpesvirus (Malignant Catarrhal Fever) (I, dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Macavirus, species Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1) and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  99. Bovine Herpesvirus type 1: Infectiuos bovine rhinotracheitis (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  100. Bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BHV2).
  101. Bovine Herpesvirus type 2 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  102. Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  103. Bovine Leukemia virus (ssRNA, Retroviridae, Orthoretrovirinae, Deltaretrovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  104. Bovine Norovirus.
  105. Bovine Papilloma (dsDNA, Papillomaviridae, Deltapapillomavirus, Fibropapillomavirus BPV-1, BPV-2; Epsilopapillomavirus BPV-5; Xipapapillomavirus -epitheliotropic BPVs-, BPV-3, BPV-4, BPV-6: Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequenci
  106. Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus (BPSV) (see Poxvirus borne by animals)
  107. Bovine Parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) (presently Bovine Respirovirus 3) (-ssRNA, Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  108. Bovine Parvovirus (BPV) (Hemadsorbing Enteric virus) (ssDNA, Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Parvovirus, Subspecies BPV-1, -2, -3) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  109. Bovine Piroplasmas - (see Babesiosis).
  110. Bovine Polyoma (dsDNA, Polyomaviridae, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma and Deltapolyomavirus, presently Orthopolyomavirus, type SV40; Wukipolyomavirus, type KI polyomavirus; Avipolyomavirus, type Avian Polyomavirus): Molecular d
  111. Bovine Pseudocowpox virus (Milker´s nodule) (dsDNA, Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus, Pseudocowpox virus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  112. Bovine Reovirus (Reo: respiratory enteric orphan viruses) (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Spinareovirinae, Orthoreovirus, Mammalian Orthreovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  113. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (-ssRNA, Pneumoviridae, Orthopneumovirus, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  114. Bovine Rhinovirus (+ssRNA, Picornaviridae, Enterovirus, Rhinovirus A, B and C): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  115. Bovine Rotavirus (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Seudoreovirinae, Rotavirus, Rotavirus A to I): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  116. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP): Molecular detection in samples of food derivatives, etc.
  117. Brain protein GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein): Detection in animals brain, feed, food.
  118. Branchiomyces spp.-Branchiomycosis (Branchiomyces sanguinis y Branchiomyces demigrans):: Isolation in culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  119. Bronchothrix thermosphacta in meat and fishes spoliage: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  120. Brucella abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  121. Brucella canis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  122. Brucella melitensis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  123. Brucella ovis - Molecular diagnosis and identification (PCR and sequencing).
  124. Brucella spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and food contamination - Culture; Antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  125. Brucella suis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  126. Bovine Viral diarrhea (BVD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  127. Cache Valley virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  128. Campylobacter spp.( Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  129. Canarypoxvirus (CNPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  130. Canine adenovirus type 1 (dsDNA, Adenoviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  131. Canine Adenovirus type 2 (dsDNA, Adenoviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  132. Canine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  133. Canine Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasmas).
  134. Canine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  135. Canine Influenza virus (CIV) (H1N1, cH3N2, cH3N8): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  136. Canine Oral Papilloma (dsDNA, Papillomaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  137. Canine Parainfluenza: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  138. Canine Parvovirus (CPV) (ssDNA, Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Parvovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  139. Caprine and ovine Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  140. Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) (Retroviridae, Lentivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  141. Caprine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  142. Caprine pustule virus (Capripox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  143. Capripoxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  144. Carnimonas nigrificans and other microorganisms of brown or black spots in fresh or cured meat products (hams, loins, pepperoni, sausage, ...) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  145. Carp virus (Spring viraemia).
  146. Chicken Anemia virus (ssDNA, Circoviridae, Gyrovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  147. Chlamydia ovis (previously Chlamydia psittaci ovis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  148. Chlamydophila abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  149. Chlamydophila caviae.
  150. Chlamydophila felis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  151. Chlamydophila pecorum.
  152. Chlamydophila pneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  153. Chlamydophila psittaci - (see Chlamydophila psittaci in the Clinical Microbiology area).
  154. Chronic and acute bee paralisis virus (CBPV y ABPV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  155. Chronic Bee Paralysis virus (CBPV) (Bees) (+ssRNA): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  156. Classical swine fever (Hog cholera, Border disease) (BVD) (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  157. Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) (Hog cholera Virus) (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  158. Claviceps purpurea (Ergotism, Ergot) - (see Ergotism).
  159. Clostridium botulinum - (see Clostridium botulinum testing in the specific test Area).
  160. Clostridium novyi types A, B and C: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  161. Clostridium perfringens (see Clostridium perfringens in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  162. Clostridium tetani - Toxin detection (experimental inoculation and neutralization test); IgG antidodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  163. Clostridium tyrobutiricum and related species (Clostridium acetobutyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium tyrobutiricum): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  164. Coccidiosis (chickens) - (see Eimeria spp.).
  165. Contagious Ecthyma; Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  166. Contagious Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  167. Cowpox (CPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  168. Coxiella burnetii in food: Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  169. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR) (See Coxiella burnetii in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  170. Crithidia bombi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  171. Cryptobiosis (Cryptobia salmositica): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  172. Cryptosporidium parvum.
  173. Cryptosporidium spp. - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  174. Cyanobacteria (Anatoxin, Cylindrospermopsin -CYN/CYL-, Microcystin, Saxitoxin): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  175. Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) (Goldfish).
  176. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).
  177. Deformed Wing virus (DWV) (Bees) (+ssRNA, Ifaviridae, Iflavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  178. Dirofilaria repens.
  179. Distemper virus (Canine Distemper virus -CDV-) (Morbillivirus).
  180. Distemper virus in humans: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  181. Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Picornaviridae, Avihepatovirus, Avihepatovirus A, Duck hepatitis virus I, Ia, II, III): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  182. Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) (dsDNA, Blubervirales, Hepadnaviridae, Avihepadnavirus, Duck Hepatitis B virus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  183. DWV-A and DWV-B (Deformed Wing virus A and B): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  184. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL).
  185. Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  186. Egg Drop Syndrome: see avian Adenovirus group 3.
  187. Egg Drop virus syndrome - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  188. Ehrlichia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  189. Ehrlichia chaffeensis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  190. Ehrlichia ewingii - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  191. Ehrlichia risticii (currently Neorickettsia risticii) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  192. Eimeria acervulina; Other species of Eimeria.
  193. Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Encephalitozoonosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  194. Endogenous Retrovirus: Molecular diagnosis (reverse transcription for reverse transcriptase presence with BMV or TMV genome).
  195. Entamoeba coli in water or lesions from animals: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  196. Entamoeba histolytica in water or lesions from animals: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  197. Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidiosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  198. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
  199. Enterovirus of several animal species.
  200. Epitheliocystis in fishes (Clavochlamydia salmonicola, Piscichlamydia salmonis, Piscirickettsia salmonis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  201. Epitheliotropic Disease virus (EEDV) (Salvelinus naruaycush - Lake trout -).
  202. Epizootic Haemorrhagic disease virus (dsRNA -10 segments-, Reovirales, Reoviridae, Orbivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  203. Epizootic Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (EHNV): Molecular diagnosis.
  204. Epizootic Hemorrhage Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  205. Equine adenoviruses (EAdV), types 1 and 2 (dsDNA, Adenoviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  206. Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  207. Equine Herpesvirus type 3 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  208. Equine Herpesvirus type 4 (dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  209. Equine Herpesvirus type 8 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  210. Equine Herpesvirus type 9 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  211. Equine Influenza virus H3N8: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  212. Equine Parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) (ssDNA; Parvoviridae; Parvovirinae; Copiparvovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  213. Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Equine Herpesvirus types 1 or 4; EHV-1; EHV-4) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  214. Equine viral arteritis (+ssRNA, Arteriviridae, Equarterivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  215. Ergotism (Claviceps purpurea, Ergot) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing)
  216. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Strain comparison by MLST.
  217. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  218. Escherichia coli O157: H7 (stx-1 and stx-2 toxins).
  219. European Foulbrood of bees: Melissococcus plutonius - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  220. European X virus.
  221. Falcons: Main infections - Microbiological diagnosis.
  222. Feline Calicivirus (FCV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  223. Feline Coronavirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  224. Feline Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasma).
  225. Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  226. Feline Immunodeficiency virus.
  227. Feline Infectious Peritonitis -FIP- (Feline enteric Coronavirus variant) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  228. Feline Leukemia virus.
  229. Feline Panleukopenia Parvovirus.
  230. Fish Cardiac and musculoskeletal inflammation (Piscine Orthoreovirus) (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Orthoreovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  231. Fish furunculosis (Tail-rot): see Aeromonas salmonicida.
  232. Fish Ichthyophonosis (Ichthyophonus hoferi): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  233. Fish Ichtyobodosis (Ichthyobodo necator and Ichthyobodo salmonis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  234. Fish Pasteurellosis: see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae.
  235. Fish Photobacteriosis: see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
  236. Fish species - Molecular identification of species.
  237. Flavivirus, Arbovirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  238. Flavobacterium columnare (previously Flexibacter columnaris) (Columnaris disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  239. Flavobacterium psychrophilum
  240. Flexibacter maritimus
  241. Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD, Aphthous fever) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Picornaviridae, Aphthovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  242. Fowl Adenovirus (FAV): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  243. Fowlpox virus (FWPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
  244. Francisella tularensis, Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  245. Geobacillus spp.: Quantitative culture; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  246. Gill Necrosis virus (Ictalurus punctatus, -Catfish, Gill Disease-)
  247. Glasser´s disease - (see Haemophilus parasuis).
  248. Gnathostoma spp. (Gnathosthoma spinigerum, Gnathostoma binucleatum, Gnathostoma turgidum, Gnathostoma procyonis and Gnathostoma nipponicum): Identificación molecular (secuenciación).
  249. <>Goose hemorrhagic Polyomavirus (GHPV) (dsDNA, Sepolyvirales, Polyomaviridae, Avipolyomavirus, Avian polyomavirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  250. Goose Parvovirus (GPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  251. Gumboro virus disease - (see infectious bursal disease, Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  252. Gyrodactilus salaris and Nanophyetus salmonicola in fishes (Platyhelminthes): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  253. Haematopoietic necrosis virus (CyHV-2) (Goldfish)
  254. Haemophilus paragallinarum: see Avibacterium paragallinarum.
  255. Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser disease) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis; Molecular typing of serovars-serotypes by sequencing.
  256. Haemophilus somnus (currently Histophilus somni): see Histophilus somni.
  257. Heartworm - (see Dirofilaria immitis).
  258. Hematopoietic Necrosis virus - (see Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus).
  259. Hepatitis E virus - (see Hepatitis E virus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  260. Hepatozoon americanus (Canine American Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  261. Hepatozoon canis (Canine Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  262. Hepatozoon felis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  263. Hexamita meleagridis - (ver Spironucleus meleagridis).
  264. Histomonas meleagridis (Histomonosis or histomoniasis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  265. Histophilus somni (previously Haemophilus somnus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  266. Hookworm: Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. tubaeforme, A. braziliense, A. ceylanicum.) - (see Ancylostoma spp.).
  267. Ictularid Herpesvirus-2 (IcHV-2) (Goldfish).
  268. Infections transmitted from companion animals (pets) (dogs and cats) to people, including children.
  269. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Bovine Herpesvirus 1) - Vaccine strains with glycoprotein E deletion: see Bovine Infectious Rinotracheitis.
  270. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) (dsDNA, Herpesvirales, Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 -BHV-1): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Diagnosis of vaccine live strains with gE deletion (sequencing).
  271. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) (dsDNA, Herpesvirales, Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 -BHV-1): Molecular diagnosis (PCR), Vaccine live strains with gE deletion (gE = U58) (sequencing).
  272. Infectious Bursal Disease virus (Gumboro Disease Virus) - (see Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
  273. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Atlantic salmon)
  274. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus of fishes (IHNV)(-ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  275. Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (IHHNV) (ssDNA, Parvoviridae, Hamaparvovirinae, Penstylhamaparvovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  276. Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus (dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Alphaherpesvirinae, Iltovirus, Galid Herpesvirus 1) (GalHV1): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  277. Infectious Myonecrosis virus (IMNV) (dsRNA, Totiviridae, Totivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  278. Infectious Myonecrosis virus (IMNV) (Paenid Shrimp Myonecrosis virus) (PsIMNV) (dsRNA, Totaviridae, Totivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  279. Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus of fishes (IPNV) (dsDNA, Birnaviridae, Aquabirnavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
  280. Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  281. Infectious Salmon Anemia virus (ISA) (Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon) (-ssRNA, Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  282. Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis virus (ISKNV).
  283. Influenza A (all types: H1N1, H5N1, H5N2, H7N1, etc.) -Molecular diagnosis and typing (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  284. Insect, identification of species: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
  285. Interstitial Nephritis carp virus
  286. Intestinal Adenomatous Hyperplasia (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  287. Iridoviruses (See Linfocistosis; LCDV: Lymphocystis disease virus).
  288. Israeli Acute Paralysis virus (IAPV) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Discistroviridae, Aparavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  289. Jena virus (Norwalk-like) (+ssRNA, Caliciviridae, Norovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  290. Johne´s Disease - (see Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP-).
  291. Kashmir Bee virus (KBV) (bees) (+ssRNA, Picornavirales, Dicistroviridae, Aparavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  292. Koi Herpesvirus
  293. Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida, Kudoidae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of species (sequencing).
  294. Lactococcus lactis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  295. Largemouth Bass virus.
  296. Lawsonia intracellularis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  297. Leishmania spp. - (see Leishmania spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  298. Leporid Herpesvirus 4 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  299. Leporid Herpesvirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  300. Leptospira spp. - Culture; Antibodies by microagglutination; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of serovars (sequencing) (See Leptospira spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  301. Listeria monocytogenes - Molecular serotyping of seven major serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c and 4b.
  302. Louping ill virus (LIV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  303. Lyme Disease - (see Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato).
  304. Lymphocystis Disease Virus - (see Lymphocystosis).
  305. Lymphocystosis (Lymphocystis Disease virus -LCDV-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  306. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  307. Macrobranchium rosenbergii Nodavirus (MrNV) (White Tail Disease -WTD-) (+ssRNA, Nodaviridae, Gammanodavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  308. Maedi-Visna virus (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  309. Malassezia pachydermatis and other Malassezia species - Antifungal Suceptibility tests.
  310. Malignant Catarrhal Fever; see Bovine Herpesvirus (Malignant Catarrhal fever).
  311. Marek Disease Virus (dsDNA, Alphaherpesvirinae, Mardivirus, Gallid Herpesvirus 2 -GalHV-2): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  312. Marteilia refringens: Molecular detection (PCR).
  313. Meat: Animal meat species - Detection and animal species identification in meat food or animal feed - Molecular methods (PCR and sequencing).
  314. Meat sex, Bovine meat sex - Molecular testing.
  315. Melisococcus plutonius (European foulbrood -Loque-of honey bees -Apis Mellifera-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  316. Melissococcus plutonius: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  317. Mesocestoides spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  318. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in meat products: Culture; Molecular detection of MRSA; Molecular typing SCCmec, ST (MLST) and spa.
  319. Microsporidia spp. - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  320. Monkey Poxvirus (MPXV): see Poxvirus of animals.
  321. Morbillivirus (Canine distemper virus -CDV) - (see Distemper virus).
  322. Murine Norovirus.
  323. Murine Parvovirus (Minute virus of mice -MVM-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  324. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis – Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  325. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP- (Johne´s disease).
  326. Mycobacterium chelonae (Salmonids).
  327. Mycobacterium genavense: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  328. Mycobacterium spp. (Any species).
  329. Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification.
  330. Mycoplasma agalactiae (Contagious agalactia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  331. Mycoplasma bovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  332. Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia –CCP-) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  333. Mycoplasma felis (Mycoplasma haemophelis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  334. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Chronic Respiratory disease of poultry; Avian Infectious sinusitis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  335. Mycoplasma gallisepticum: see Avian Mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma iowae).
  336. Mycoplasma goodi.
  337. Mycoplasma haemofelis (Feline infectious anemia; Feline Hemotropic mycoplasmosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  338. Mycoplasma haemolamae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  339. Mycoplasma haemominutum (Feline Infectious anemia): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  340. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Porcine enzootic pneumonia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  341. Mycoplasma hyorhinis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  342. Mycoplasma iowae . (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  343. Mycoplasma mycoides - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides.
  344. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype LC (Large colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides).
  345. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype SC (Small colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).
  346. Mycoplasma putrefaciens - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).-
  347. Mycoplasma synoviae - (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
  348. Mycotoxins - Mycotoxicosis-Fungi producers in digestive tract samples of animals, grains, feed, plants, soil, ..., (Ergotism , Aflatoxins, Trichothecenes, Fuminosins, Zearalenone, Ocratoxins>: Fungal cultures; Molecular diag
  349. Myxobolus cerebralis (Salmonidae; Rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus)
  350. Myxoma virus (MYXV) (Myxomatosis) (Poxviridae, Chordopoxvirinae, Leporipoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  351. Myxomatosis (Leporipoxvirus) - (see Myxoma virus).
  352. Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Myxozoan (Proliferative Kidney Disease, Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon-).
  353. Naegleria spp. in freshwater or lesions from animals: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species Molecular identification (sequencing).
  354. Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) (= Ganjam virus) (-ssRNA -3 parts: small -S-, medium -M-, large -L-, Bunyavirales, Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  355. Neoparamoeba pemaguidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease, -Salmonids-).
  356. Neopestalotiopsis / Pestalotiopsis: Molecular detection (PCR).
  357. Neorickettsia risticii (before Ehrlichia risticii) (see Ehrlichia risticii).
  358. Neorickettsia spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  359. Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) - Microscopic exam and molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  360. Neospora hughesi (Protozoan equine meningoencephalitis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  361. Nervous Necrosis - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis -VNN-).
  362. Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
  363. Newcastle Disease virus (Avian Paramyxovirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  364. Nodavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) - Molecular diagnosis.
  365. Nodular Contagious Dermatitis (Lumpy Skin Disease) (dsDNA, Poxviridae, Capripoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  366. Nosema spp., Nosema apis, Nosema bombi, Nosema ceranae: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  367. Orf virus (ORFV) (Ovine Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  368. Ostreid Herpesvirus 1: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  369. Ovine Herpesvirus type 2 (Ovine Gammaherpesvirus 2) (dsDNA, Herpesviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  370. Ovine Papilloma types 1, 2 and 3 (dsDNA, Papillomaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  371. Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus -JRSV-) (Retroviridae, Betaretrovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  372. Ovine Respiratory Syncitial virus (-ssRNA, Pneumoviridae, Orthopneumovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  373. Pacheco´s Parrot Disease Herpesviridae, Iltovirus, Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 to 4 (PsHV-1 to 4)>: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  374. Paenibacillus spp.: Qualitative or quantitative culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species molecular identification (sequencing).
  375. Pancreatic disease (PD) (Altlantic Salmon, Salmo salar).
  376. Parainfluenza 5 (Simian virus 5) (-ssRNA, Paramyxoviridae, Respirovirus -types 1 and 3-, Rubulavirus -types 2 and 4-): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  377. Parainfluenza virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  378. Paravaccinia (Pseudocowpox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  379. Partridges and other related birds: Infection in the red-legged partridge, grey and chukar partridges, phaisans and other related gamebirds - Microbiological diagnosis
  380. Parvicapsula minibicornis (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
  381. Pasteurella multocida and other Pasteurella spp.
  382. Penaeus vannamei Nodavirus (PvNV) (Nodaviridae; Nodavirus) in crustaceans: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  383. Peste des Petit Ruminants virus (PPRV, Ovine Rinderpest) (-ssRNA, Mononegavirales, Paramyxoviridae, Morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  384. Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae - Fish Pasteurellosis (Photobacteriosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  385. Photobacterium phosphoreum - fish spoilage bacteria: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  386. Pig erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  387. Piscirickettsia salmonis.
  388. Plasmodium berghei: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  389. Plasmodium gallinaceum – Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  390. Plasmodium knowlesi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  391. Plesiomonas shigelloides – Culture; identification; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  392. Pneumovirus (Avian Pneumovirus -APV-; Bovine respiratory syncitial virus -BRSV-; Pneumonia virus of mice -PVM-) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  393. Porcine Adenovirus (PAV) (dsDNA, Adenoviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  394. Porcine Circovirus (ssDNA, Circoviridae, Circovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  395. Porcine Cytomegalovirus (PCMV) (syn. Porcine Herpesvirus type 2) (Suid Herpesvirus type 2 -SuHV-2) (dsDNA, Herpesviridae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  396. Porcine dysentery - (see Serpulina hyodysenteriae).
  397. Porcine Encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  398. Porcine Enterovirus, Groups I, II and III: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  399. Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (IA) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  400. Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) (ssDNA, Paroviridae, Parvovirinae, Protoparvovirus):- Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  401. Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
  402. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  403. Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRS virus) (Arteriviridae, Arterivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  404. Porcine Rotavirus A, B and C (dsRNA, Reoviridae, Seudoreovirinae, Rotavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  405. Porcine Torovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  406. Porcine Torque Teno Virus (TTV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  407. Poxvirus from animals - Orthopoxvirus (Cowpox -CPXV-, Vaccinia -VACV-, Monkeypox -MPXV-); Parapoxvirus (Orf virus -ORFV-, Bovine Vesicular Stomatitis -BVSV-, Pseudocowpox virus -Paravaccinia-PCPV-, Parapoxvirus of Red Deer in New Z
  408. Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy (PHE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis ).
  409. Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) of fishes (Sphaerospora oncorhynci): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  410. Propionibacterium spp. (Propionic bacteria) in cheese: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  411. Prototheca spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and in enviromental contamination sources (environmental samples, foods and animal samples): Culture; Molecular identification(PCR and sequencing) - (see in the Water Microbiology A
  412. Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) (-ssRNA, Bornaviridae, Orthobornavirus, Parrot Bornavirus 1 (PaBV-1), 2 (PaBV-2), 3 (PaBV-3), 4 (PaBV-4), 7 (PaBV-7): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  413. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  414. Pseudomonas anguilliseptica (Sparus aurata).
  415. Psittaccine Beaker Feather disease (PBFD) (ssDNA, Circoviridae, Circovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  416. Psittacid Alphaherpesvirus 1-4 (PsHV 1-4): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  417. Psittacid Alphaherpesvirus 1 - 4 (PsHv-1-4) (Pacheco´s Parrot Disease (PPD) (dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Iltovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  418. Psychrophiles Clostridia in meat products (Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  419. Pustule - (see by species of animals affected).
  420. Rabbit Enteric Coronavirus (Coronaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  421. Rabbit Kidney Vacuolating agent (RKVA) (Polyomavirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  422. Rabbit kidney Vacuolating virus (RKV) (Polyomavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  423. Rabbit myxoma virus - (see Myxoma virus).
  424. Rabbit Parvovirus (previously Rabbit Haemorrhagic virus) (ssDNA, Parvoviridae, Bocaparvovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  425. Rabbit Poxvirus: see Poxvirus of animals.
  426. Rabbit Rotavirus: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  427. Rabbit Shope Fibroma virus –SFV-) (Poxviridae, Chordopoxvirinae, Leporipoxvirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  428. Rabbitt Hemorrhagic Disease virus (RHDV) (Caliciviridae, Lagovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  429. Rabies virus (See Rabies tests in the Rabies tests specific area).
  430. Redspotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus (RGNNV): see Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN).
  431. Renibacterium salmoniarum (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout -; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Bacterial kidney disease).
  432. Respiratory and intestinal Coronavirus.
  433. Rhodococcus equi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  434. Riccardoella limacum - (see Snails, Acariosis, Heliciculture, Parasitic pathology in Snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
  435. Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (+/-ssRNA ambisense, -ssRNA segments L y M, +/-ssRNA segment S, Bunyavirales, Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  436. Rinderpest (-ssRNA, Paramixoviridae, Morbillivirus, Species Rinderpest Morbillivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  437. Rinderpest virus (RPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  438. River Ross virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  439. Rotavirus (Reoviridae, Rotavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  440. Sacbrood virus (SBV): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  441. Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serov. pullorum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Antibodies to antigens O and H; Molecular comparison of strains.
  442. Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), SAV1 and SAV3 subtypes (Salmo salar).
  443. Saprolegnia parasitica: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  444. Saprolegnia spp., Saprolegnia parasitica (Oomycota, Saprolegniales, Saprolegniaceae, Saprolegnia): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  445. Sarcocystis tenella - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  446. SARS Coronavirus.
  447. Schmallenberg virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  448. Screwworm - Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysomya bezziana larvae producing miasis: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
  449. Serpulina hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  450. Sex determination in bovine meat - (see in the "Identification of Animal species in meat or fish products Area).
  451. Shewanella putrefaciens (syn. Pseudomonas putrefaciens): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  452. Simian virus 5: see Parainfluenza 5.
  453. Sleeping Disease virus of salmonids.
  454. Snails-Acariosis-Helicicultura-parasitic pathology in snails. Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam.
  455. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Aspergillus spp.: Quantitative culture; Identification.
  456. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Fusarium spp.: Microscopic exam; Culture; Identification.
  457. Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Verticillium spp.: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  458. Snails – Infectious pathology by Pseudomonas spp.: Culture; Identification.
  459. Snails – Parasitic pathology by Nematodes: Microscopic exam; Identification.
  460. Sphaerothecum destruens - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
  461. Spirometra erinacei, Spirometra mansonoides: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  462. Spironucleus meleagridis (syn. Hexamita meleagridis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  463. Strawberry Coldwater Disease (Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout -).
  464. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) (Bovine mastitis) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  465. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  466. Suid Herpesvirus type 1 (Pseudorabies; Aujeszky disease) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
  467. Swine Influenza virus.
  468. Surra - (see Trypanosoma evansi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis -PCR-)
  469. Swine erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  470. Swine Herpesvirus (Suid Alphaherrpevirus 1 - Pseudorabies; Suid betaherpesvirus 2 - Porcine Cytomegalovirus -PCMV.; Suid Gammaherpesvirus 3 = Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesvirus 1, 2 and 3 - PLHV-1; PLHV-2; PLHV-3): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  471. Swine Herpesvirus type 2 (Porcine Cytomegalovirus -PCMV-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  472. Swine Herpesvirus type 3 (Suid Gammaherpesvirus 3 = Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesvirus 1, 2 and 3 -PLHV-1; PLHV-2; PLHV-3): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  473. Swine Sapelovirus (PEV-8) (+ssRNA, Picornaviridae): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  474. Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) (Picornaviridae, Enterovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  475. Taura Syndrome virus (TSV) (+ssRNA, Dicistroviridae, Aparavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  476. Taylorella equigenitalis (Contagious equine metritis -CEM-): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  477. Tenacibaculum maritimum (Fish Tenacibaculosis, syn. Flexibacteriosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  478. Theileria annulata (African and Mediterranean theileriosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  479. Theileria equi (previously Babesia equi): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  480. Theileria orientalis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  481. Theileria parva - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  482. African or Mediterranean Theileriosis - (see Theileria annulata).
  483. Thelaziosis - Thelazia callipaeda. Ocular parasitism in dogs and cats with risk of transmission to people: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (sequencing).
  484. Tick-borne Encephalitis: see Flavivirus.
  485. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  486. Toxigenic Clostridia in animal feed: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  487. Toxoplasma gondii in meat or meat products for consumption - Molecular detection (PCR) and mouse bioassay.
  488. Trichomonas fetus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  489. Trichomonas gallinae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  490. Tritrichomonas fetus (Bovine and feline Trichomonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  491. Trypanosoma evansi (Surra) - Microscopic exam; Experimental inoculation; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  492. Trypanosoma vivax - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  493. Tularemia - (see Francisella tularensis).
  494. Turkey Coronavirus.
  495. Turkey Coronavirus (+ssRNA): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  496. Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)..
  497. Turkey Herpesvirus (Meleagridis Herpesvirus, serotipo 3, Marek disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  498. Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus (Swollen Head Syndrome) (-ssRNA, Paramyxoviridae, Metapneumovirus, Avian Metapneumovirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  499. Ureaplasma parvum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  500. Usutu Virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  501. Vaccinia virus (VACV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
  502. Vesicular Stomatitis virus (>Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus, serotypes New Jersey and Indiana): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  503. Avian Paramyxovirus (APMV) (Avian Paramyxovirus type 1: Newcastle Disease virus -NDV-, Strains B1 (Hithner B1; Wester 2C; La Sota): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  504. Vibrio anguillarum (fish vibriosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  505. Vibrio anguillarum - Vibriosis.
  506. Vibrio tapetis.
  507. Vibriosis (Vibrio anguillarum, V. fischeri, Aliivibrio salmonicida -syn. V. salmonicida-).
  508. Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER) (Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  509. Viral Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHDV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  510. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia of fishes (Rhabdoviridae; Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  511. Viral infections in Crustacea (shrimps, prawns and others)
  512. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  513. Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
  514. Wallemia sebi (xerophilic fungi): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  515. Wesselsbron virus (Arbovirus, +ssRNA, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  516. West Nile Fever virus - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
  517. White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV) (dsDNA, Nimaviridae, Whispovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
  518. White Tail Disease (WTD): Macrobranchium rosenbergii Nodavirus (MrNV) and Extra Small virus (XSV) - (see: Macrobranchium rosenbergii Nodavirus -MrNV-).
  519. Xenohaliotis californiensis: Molecular detection (PCR).
  520. Yellow Head virus (YHV) (+ssRNA, Roniviridae, Okavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  521. Yellow Head virus (YHV) (Yellow head) (+ssRNA, Roniviridae, Okavirus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
  522. Yersinia enterocolitica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of pathogenic strains; Molecular identification of the main O serotypes.
  523. Yersinia ruckeri (Rainbow trout Enteric Red Mouth Disease)