Molecular veterinary Microbiology
- Abalone Herpesvirus: Molecular detection (PCR)
- ABPV (Acute Bee Paralysis virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Acanthocheilonema reconditum - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Acariosis - (see Snails-Acariosis-Heliciculture-parasitic pathology in snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
- Acheta domesticus Densovirus (AdDNV) - Insect Parvovirus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Aeromonas hydrophila.
- Aeromonas salmonicida
- African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) (Reoviridae, Orbivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Asfarviridae, Asfivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Akabane virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- American Foulbrood (AFB) of bee: Paenibacillus larvae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) (Salmo salar, - Atlantic Salmon -)
- Anaplasma bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Anaplasma platys - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma bovis, A.centrale, A.marginale, A.phagocytophilum, A. platys) (see each species).
- Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. braziliense, A. tubaeforme, A. ceylanicum) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Angiostrongylus vasorum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Angullicola crassus (Angullicoides crassus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
- Animal Poxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
- Anisakis spp. - Macroscopic and microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (see Anisakis spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Anthrax (see Bacillus anthracis).
- Aphthous fever (see Foot-and-Mouth disease).
- Apicystis bombi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Archaea): General concepts - Culture; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
- Arcobacter spp. - (see in the Clinical Microbiology Area: Human and animal pathology interest and in contamination sources -water and food from animal origin-).
- Ascosphaera spp., Ascosphaera apis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Astrovirus (see Astrovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.): Infectious diseases - Molecular diagnosis (PCR, RT-PCR and Nucleic Acid sequencing).
- Aujeszky disease (Ver - Suid Herpesvirus type 1; Pseudorabies; Aujeszky disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Avian Adenovirus type 1 (FAD1= Celo virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Avian Encephalomyelitis - Molecular diagnosis.
- Avian Flu - (see Influenza A).
- Avian Infectious Bronchitis (Coronaviridae, Gammacoronavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus (IBV)
- Avian Infectious bursal (AIB); Gumboro´s Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Infectious Bursitis (Gumboro´s disease) - (see Infectious bursal disease virus; Gumboro disease).
- Avian Influenza - (see Influenza A).
- Avian leukosis virus (ALV).
- Avian Leukosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian metapneumovirus and other species - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma iowae) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Avian Nephritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Orthoreovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Paramyxovirus types 1 to 11 - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Parvovirus (Galliform, Columbid, Gruiform Parvovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Avian Poxvirus - (see Avipoxvirus).
- Avian Reovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Avian trichomoniasis - Trichomonas gallinae y Tetratrichomonas gallinarum: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Avibacterium paragallinarum – Avian infectious coryza: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Avipoxvirus: Fowl Poxvirus (FWPV), Canary Poxvirus (CNPV) or other Avipoxvirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Identification of strain / species (PCR and sequencing).
- Perkinsus marinus and Perkinsus olseni: Molecular detection (PCR).
- Porcine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Babesia caballi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Babesia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Babesia divergens - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Babesia gibsoni - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Babesiosis (Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, B.caballi, B.canis canis, B.canis vogeli, B.canis rossi, B.equi, B.felis, B.gibsoni, B. major, B.motasi , B.ovis, B.perroncitoi, B.trautmanni) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Species identification (P
- Bacillus anthracis - Anthrax.
- Bagaza Virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bartonella bovis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bartonella clarridgeiae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bartonella henselae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bee Nosemosis (Microsporidia - Nosema apis, Nosema bombi, Nosema ceranae): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Birds, identificación of species: Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
- Birnaviruses (Solea senegalensis - Sole -)
- Bluetongue virus.
- Bonamia ostreae and Bonamia exitiosa: Molecular detection (PCR).
- Border Disease Virus (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) (Border disease virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bordetella avium - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bordetella bronchiseptica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bornavirus (Avian Bornavirus) (Bornaviridae): Avian Proventricular Dilation Disease (PDD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. lusitaniae and other species) - Culture; IgG and IgM antibodies; Specific antibodies (immunoblot); Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Borrelia spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Botulism - Clostridium botulinum (see Clostridium botulinum tests in the specific Clostridium botulinum Area).
- Bovine adenoviruses - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine and feline Trichomonosis - (see Tritrichomonas fetus: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Coronavirus (Coronaviridae; IV, ss+RNA) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) (V, -ssRNA, Rhabdoviridae, Ephemerovirus, BEFV, Kotonkon virus (KOTV); Adelaide River virus (ARV), Berrimah virus (BRMV), Kimberley virus (KIMV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Herpesvirus (Malignant Catarrhal Fever) (I, dsDNA, Herpesviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Macavirus, species Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1) and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Herpesvirus type 1: Infectiuos bovine rhinotracheitis (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BHV2).
- Bovine Herpesvirus type 2 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Leukemia Virus.
- Bovine Norovirus.
- Bovine Papilloma (I, dsDNA, Papillomaviridae, Deltapapillomavirus (Fibropapillomavirus), BPV-1, BPV-2; Epsilopapillomavirus, BPV-5; Xipapapillomavirus (epitheliotropic BPVs), BPV-3, BPV-4, BPV-6 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and s
- Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus (BPSV) (see Poxvirus borne by animals)
- Bovine Parainfluenza type 3 (PI3) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Parvovirus (BPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Piroplasmas - (see Babesiosis).
- Bovine Polyoma (I, dsDNA, Polyomaviridae, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma and Deltapolyomavirus, Currently Orthopolyomavirus, type SV40; Wukipolyomavirus, type KI polyomavirus; Avipolyomavirus, type Avian Polyomavirus.
- Bovine Pseudocowpox virus (Milker´s nodule) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Parapoxvirus, Species Pseudocowpox virus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Reovirus (Reo: respiratory enteric orphan viruses) (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Spinareovirinae, Orthoreovirus, Species Mammalian Orthreovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (V, -ssRNA, Pneumoviridae, Orthopneumovirus, Species Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Rhinovirus (IV, +ssRNA, Picornaviridae, Enterovirus, Species Rhinovirus A, B and C) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Rotavirus (III, dsRNA, Reoviridae, Sedoreovirinae, Rotavirus, Species Rotavirus A to I) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP): Molecular detection in samples of food derivatives, etc.
- BQCV (Black Queen Cell virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Bronchothrix thermosphacta in meat and fishes spoliage: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Brucella abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Brucella canis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Brucella melitensis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Brucella ovis - Molecular diagnosis and identification (PCR and sequencing).
- Brucella spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and food contamination - Culture; Antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Brucella suis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Bovine Viral diarrhea (BVD) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
- Cache Valley virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Campylobacter spp.( Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Canarypoxvirus (CNPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
- Canine adenovirus type 1 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Canine Adenovirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Canine Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Canine Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasmas).
- Canine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Canine Influenza virus (CIV) (H1N1, cH3N2, cH3N8): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Canine Oral Papilloma - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Canine Parvovirus (CPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Caprine and ovine Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus -CAEV- (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Caprine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Caprine pustule virus (Capripox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Capripoxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Carnimonas nigrificans and other microorganisms of brown or black spots in fresh or cured meat products (hams, loins, pepperoni, sausage, ...) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Carp virus (Spring viraemia).
- CBPV (Chronic Bee Paralysis virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Chicken Anemia virus (Circoviridae, Gyrovirus, ssDNA) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
- Chlamydia ovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Chlamydophila abortus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Chlamydophila caviae.
- Chlamydophila felis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Chlamydophila pecorum.
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Chlamydophila psittaci - (see Chlamydophila psittaci in the Clinical Microbiology area).
- Chronic and acute bee paralisis virus (CBPV y ABPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) (Hog cholera Virus) (Flaviviridae, Pestivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Claviceps purpurea (Ergotism, Ergot) - (see Ergotism).
- Clostridium botulinum - (see Clostridium botulinum testing in the specific test Area).
- Clostridium novyi types A, B and C: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Clostridium perfringens (see Clostridium perfringens in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Clostridium tetani - Toxin detection (experimental inoculation and neutralization test); IgG antidodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Coccidiosis (chickens) - (see Eimeria spp.).
- Contagious Ecthyma; Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Contagious Pustular Dermatitis; Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Cowpox (CPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Coxiella burnetii in food: Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR) (See Coxiella burnetii in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Crithidia bombi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Cryptosporidium parvum.
- Cryptosporidium spp. - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) (Goldfish).
- Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).
- Dirofilaria repens.
- Distemper virus (Canine Distemper virus -CDV-) (Morbillivirus).
- Distemper virus in humans: Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
- DWV-A and DWV-B (Deformed Wing virus A and B): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL).
- Ecthyma contagiosum (Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Egg Drop virus syndrome - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ehrlichia canis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ehrlichia ewingii - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ehrlichia risticii (currently Neorickettsia risticii) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Eimeria acervulina; Other species of Eimeria.
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi (Encephalitozoonosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Endogenous Retrovirus: Molecular diagnosis (reverse transcription for reverse transcriptase presence with BMV or TMV genome).
- Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidiosis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
- Enterovirus of several animal species.
- Epitheliotropic Disease virus (EEDV) (Salvelinus naruaycush - Lake trout -).
- Epizootic Hemorrhage Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Equine adenoviruses (EAdV), types 1 and 2: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Herpesvirus type 3 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Herpesvirus type 4: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Herpesvirus type 8 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Herpesvirus type 9 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine Rhinopneumonitis (Equine Herpesvirus types 1 or 4; EHV-1; EHV-4) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Equine viral arteritis.
- Ergotism (Claviceps purpurea, Ergot) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing)
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Strain comparison by MLST.
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Escherichia coli O157: H7 (stx-1 and stx-2 toxins).
- European Foulbrood of bees: Melissococcus plutonius - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- European X virus.
- Falcons: Main infections - Microbiological diagnosis.
- Feline Calicivirus (FCV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Feline Haemoplasmas (Haemotropic Mycoplasma).
- Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Feline Immunodeficiency virus.
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis -FIP- (Feline enteric Coronavirus variant) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Feline Leukemia virus.
- Feline Panleukopenia Parvovirus.
- Fish Pasteurellosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae.
- Fish Photobacteriosis - (see Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
- Fish species - Molecular identification of species.
- Flavobacterium columnare (Ictalurus punctatus columnaris disease-)
- Flavobacterium psychrophilum
- Flexibacter maritimus
- Foot and Mouth Disease - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Fowl Adenovirus (FAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Fowlpox virus (FWPV) - (see Avipoxvirus).
- Francisella tularensis, Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis and Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Gill Necrosis virus (Ictalurus punctatus, -Catfish, Gill Disease-)
- Glasser´s disease - (see Haemophilus parasuis).
- Gnathostoma spp. (Gnathosthoma spinigerum, Gnathostoma doloresi, Gnathostoma hispidum and Gnathostoma nipponicum)
- Goose Parvovirus (GPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Gumboro virus disease - (see infectious bursal disease, Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
- Haematopoietic necrosis virus (CyHV-2) (Goldfish)
- Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser disease) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis; Molecular typing of serovars-serotypes by sequencing.
- Heartworm - (see Dirofilaria immitis).
- Hematopoietic Necrosis virus - (see Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus).
- Hepatitis E virus - (see Hepatitis E virus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Hepatozoon americanus (Canine American Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Hepatozoon canis (Canine Hepatozoonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Hepatozoon felis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Hexamita meleagridis - (ver Spironucleus meleagridis).
- Histomonas meleagridis (Histomonosis or histomoniasis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Hookworm: Ancylostoma spp. (A. caninum, A. tubaeforme, A. braziliense, A. ceylanicum.) - (see Ancylostoma spp.).
- IAPV (Israeli Acute Paralysis virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Ictularid Herpesvirus-2 (IcHV-2) (Goldfish).
- Infections transmitted from companion animals (pets) (dogs and cats) to people, including children.
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis -IBR- (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 -BHV-1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Infectious Bursal Disease virus (Gumboro Disease Virus) - (see Avian Infectious Bursitis -AIB-).
- Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Atlantic salmon)
- Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis virus (Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus.
- Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)..
- Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) (Bovine Herpesvirus type 1) (Herpesviridae; Alphaherpesvirinae; Varicellovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) (Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon) (Orthomyxoviridae, Isavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis virus (ISKNV).
- Influenza A (all types: H1N1, H5N1, H5N2, H7N1, etc.) -Molecular diagnosis and typing (RT-PCR and sequencing).
- Insect, identification of species: Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Interstitial Nephritis carp virus
- Intestinal Adenomatous Hyperplasia (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
- Iridoviruses (See Linfocistosis; LCDV: Lymphocystis disease virus).
- Jena virus (Norwalk-like) (IV, +ssRNA, Caliciviridae, Norovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Johne´s Disease - (see Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP-).
- KBV (Kashmir Bee virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Koi Herpesvirus
- Kudoa spp. (Class Myxozoa, Order Multivalvulida, Family Kudoidae): Diagnosis and molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
- Largemouth Bass virus.
- Lawsonia intracellularis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Leishmania spp. - (see Leishmania spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Leporid Herpesvirus 4 (Herpesviridae, Simplexvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Leporid Herpesvirus type 2 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Leptospira spp. - Culture; Antibodies by microagglutination; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of serovars (sequencing) (See Leptospira spp. in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Linfocistosis (LCDV: Lymphocystis Disease virus).
- Listeria monocytogenes - Molecular serotyping of seven major serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c and 4b.
- Louping ill virus (LIV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Lyme Disease - (see Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato).
- Lymphocystis Disease Virus - (see Linfocistosis).
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Maedi-Visna virus (Retroviridae, Lentivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Malassezia pachydermatis and other Malassezia species - Antifungal Suceptibility tests.
- Malignant Catarrhal Fever - (see Bovine Herpesvirus -Malignant Catarrhal fever-).
- Marek Disease virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Marteilia refringens: Molecular detection (PCR).
- Meat: Animal meat species - Detection and animal species identification in meat food or animal feed - Molecular methods (PCR and sequencing).
- Meat sex, Bovine meat sex - Molecular testing.
- Melisococcus plutonius: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Melissococcus plutonius: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mesocestoides spp.: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in meat products - Culture; Molecular detection of MRSA; Molecular typing SCCmec, ST (MLST) and spa.
- Microsporidia spp. - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Monkey Poxvirus (MPXV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Morbillivirus (Canine distemper virus -CDV) - (see Distemper virus).
- Murine Norovirus.
- Murine Parvovirus (Minute virus of mice -MVM-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis – Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -MAP- (Johne´s disease).
- Mycobacterium chelonae (Salmonids).
- Mycobacterium spp. (Any species).
- Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification.
- Mycoplasma agalactiae (Contagious agalactia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma bovis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia –CCP-) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma felis: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Chronic Respiratory disease of poultry; Avian Infectious sinusitis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum - (see Avian Mycoplasmosis).
- Mycoplasma goodi.
- Mycoplasma haemofelis (Feline infectious anemia; Feline Hemotropic mycoplasmosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma haemolamae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma haemominutum (Feline Infectious anemia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Porcine enzootic pneumonia) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma hyorhinis - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Mycoplasma iowae . (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
- Mycoplasma mycoides - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides.
- Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype LC (Large colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and group Mycoplasma mycoides).
- Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype SC (Small colonies) - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).
- Mycoplasma putrefaciens - (see Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides group).-
- Mycoplasma synoviae - (see Avian mycoplasmosis).
- Mycotoxins - Mycotoxicosis - Fungi producers in digestive tract samples of animals, grains, feed, plants, soil, ..., - Fungal cultures; Molecular diagnosis of genes codifying for mycotoxins (PCR and sequencing).
- Myxobolus cerebralis (Salmonidae; Rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus)
- Myxoma virus (Myxomatosis) (Poxviridae, Chordopoxvirinae, Leporipoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Myxomatosis (Leporipoxvirus) - (see Myxoma virus).
- Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, Myxozoan (Proliferative Kidney Disease, Salmo salar -Atlantic Salmon-).
- Nairobisheep disease virus (Orthonairovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Neoparamoeba pemaguidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease, -Salmonids-).
- Neopestalotiopsis / Pestalotiopsis: Molecular detection (PCR).
- Neorickettsia risticii (before Ehrlichia risticii) (see Ehrlichia risticii).
- Neosporosis (Neospora caninum) - Microscopic exam and molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Neospora hughesi (Protozoan equine meningoencephalitis): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Nervous Necrosis - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis -VNN-).
- Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
- Newcastle Disease virus (Avian Paramyxovirus type 1) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Nodavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) - Molecular diagnosis.
- Nodular Contagious Dermatitis (Lumpy Skin Disease) (I, dsDNA, Poxviridae, Capripoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Orf virus (ORFV) (Ovine Parapoxvirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ovine Papilloma types 1, 2 and 3 - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus -JRSV-) (Retroviridae, Betaretrovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Ovine Respiratory Syncitial virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Pancreatic disease (PD) (Altlantic Salmon, Salmo salar).
- Parainfluenza virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Paravaccinia (Pseudocowpox virus) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Partridges and other related birds: Infection in the red-legged partridge, grey and chukar partridges, phaisans and other related gamebirds - Microbiological diagnosis
- Parvicapsula minibicornis (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
- Pasteurella multocida and other Pasteurella spp.
- Peste des petits rumiants virus (Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR)
- Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damsela subsp. damselae: Fish Pasteurellosis (Photobacteriosis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR and sequencing).
- Photobacterium phosphoreum - fish spoilage bacteria: Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Pig erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Piscirickettsia salmonis.
- Plasmodium gallinaceum – Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Plasmodium knowlesi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Plesiomonas shigelloides – Culture; identification; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Pneumovirus (Avian Pneumovirus -APV-; Bovine respiratory syncitial virus -BRSV-; Pneumonia virus of mice -PVM-) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine Adenovirus (PAV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Porcine Circovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Porcine Cytomegalovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Porcine dysentery - (see Serpulina hyodysenteriae).
- Porcine Encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae, Cardiovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine Enterovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (IA) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
- Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis).
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine Rotavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine Torovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Porcine Torque Teno Virus (TTV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy (PHE) - (see Lawsonia intracellularis I>).
- Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) (Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, -Rainbow trout-).
- Prototheca spp.: Interest in human and animal pathology and in enviromental contamination sources (environmental samples, foods and animal samples): Culture; Molecular identification(PCR and sequencing) - (see in the Water Microbiology A
- Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Pseudomonas anguilliseptica (Sparus aurata).
- Psychrophiles Clostridia in meat products (Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes): Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Pustule - (see by species of animals affected).
- Rabbit Enteric Coronavirus (Coronaviridae) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Rabbit kidney Vacuolating virus (RKV) (Polyomavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Rabbit myxoma virus - (see Myxoma virus).
- Rabbit Parvovirus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Rabbit Poxvirus - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Rabbitt Hemorrhagic Disease virus (RHDV) (Caliciviridae, Lagovirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Rabies virus (See Rabies tests in the Rabies tests specific area).
- Renibacterium salmoniarum (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Rainbow trout -; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Bacterial kidney disease).
- Respiratory and intestinal Coronavirus.
- RGNNV (Redspotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus) - (see Viral Nervous Necrosis).
- Riccardoella limacum - (see Snails, Acariosis, Heliciculture, Parasitic pathology in Snails Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam).
- Rift Valley Fever Virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Rinderpest (V, -ssRNA, Paramixoviridae, Morbillivirus, Species Rinderpest Morbillivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Rinderpest virus (RPV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- River Ross virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Rotavirus (Reoviridae, Rotavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serov. pullorum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Salmonella enterica subsp enterica - Molecular antigenic typing; Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Antibodies to antigens O and H; Molecular comparison of strains.
- Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), SAV1 and SAV3 subtypes (Salmo salar).
- Sarcocystis tenella - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- SARS Coronavirus.
- SBV (Sacbrood virus): Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Schmallenberg virus (Arbovirus, Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Screwworm - Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysomya bezziana larvae producing miasis: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification of species (PCR and sequencing).
- Serpulina hyodysenteriae (Swine Dysentery): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Sex determination in bovine meat - (see in the "Identification of Animal species in meat or fish products Area).
- Shewanella putrefaciens - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Shope fibroma virus (SFV) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Sleeping Disease virus of salmonids.
- Snails-Acariosis-Helicicultura-parasitic pathology in snails. Riccardoella limacum - Microscopic exam.
- Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Aspergillus spp.: Quantitative culture; Identification.
- Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Fusarium spp.: Microscopic exam; Culture; Identification.
- Snails – Infectious mycotic pathology by Verticillium spp.: Microscopic exam; Identification.
- Snails – Infectious pathology by Pseudomonas spp.: Culture; Identification.
- Snails – Parasitic pathology by Nematodes: Microscopic exam; Identification.
- Sphaerothecum destruens - Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification (sequencing).
- Spironucleus meleagridis (syn. Hexamita meleagridis) - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Strawberry Coldwater Disease (Oncorhynchus mykiss - Rainbow trout -).
- Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) (Bovine mastitis) - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Suid Herpesvirus type 1 (Pseudorabies; Aujeszky disease): Molecular diagnosis (PCR)
- Suid Herpesvirus type 1 (Pseudorabies, Aujeszky disease) (Herpesviridae, Varicellovirus): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Swine Influenza virus.
- Surra - (see Trypanosoma evansi - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis -PCR-)
- Swine erysipela - (see Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Swine Herpesvirus (Suid Alphaherrpevirus 1 - Pseudorabies; Suid betaherpesvirus 2 - Porcine Cytomegalovirus -PCMV.; Suid Gammaherpesvirus 3 = Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesvirus 1, 2 and 3 - PLHV-1; PLHV-2; PLHV-3): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Swine Herpesvirus type 2 (Porcine Cytomegalovirus -PCMV-): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Swine Herpesvirus type 3 (Suid Gammaherpesvirus 3 = Porcine Lymphotropic Herpesvirus 1, 2 and 3 -PLHV-1; PLHV-2; PLHV-3): Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) (Picornaviridae, Enterovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Taylorella equigenitalis (Contagious equine metritis -CEM-).
- Tenacibaculum maritimum.
- Theileria annulata (African and Mediterranean theileriosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Theileria equi: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Theileria orientalis - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Theileria parva - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- African or Mediterranean Theileriosis - (see Theileria annulata).
- Thelaziosis - Thelazia callipaeda. Ocular parasitism in dogs and cats with risk of transmission to people: Microscopic exam; Molecular identification (PCR and sequencing).
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- Toxigenic Clostridia in animal feed: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Toxoplasma gondii – IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Toxoplasma gondii in meat or meat products for consumption - Molecular detection (PCR) and mouse bioassay.
- Trichomonas fetus: Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Trichomonas gallinae - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Tritrichomonas fetus (Bovine and feline Trichomonosis) - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Trypanosoma evansi (Surra) - Microscopic exam; Experimental inoculation; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Trypanosoma vivax - Microscopic exam; Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Tularemia - (see Francisella tularensis).
- Turkey Coronavirus.
- Turkey Coronavirus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus - Molecular diagnosis (PCR)..
- Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Ureaplasma parvum - Molecular diagnosis (PCR).
- Usutu Virus - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Vibrio anguillarum.
- Vaccinia virus (VACV) - (see Poxvirus transmitted by animals).
- Vesicular stomatitis virus.
- Vibrio tapetis.
- Vibriosis.
- Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER) (Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Viral Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHDV) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia of fishes (Rhabdoviridae; Novirhabdovirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR and sequencing).
- Wesselsbron virus (Arbovirus, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) - Molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR).
- West Nile Fever virus - (see Arbovirus in the Clinical Microbiology Area).
- White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) (Penaeus monodom, Giant tiger shrimp)
- Xenohaliotis californiensis: Molecular detection (PCR).
- Yersinia enterocolitica - Culture; Molecular diagnosis (PCR); Molecular identification of pathogenic strains; Molecular identification of the main O serotypes.
- Yersinia ruckeri (Rainbow trout Enteric Red Mouth Disease)